ReviewCells2021
The State of Immunotherapy in Hepatobiliary Cancers.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Helicobacter pylori and Hepatobiliary Cancer: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Pooled it
- Integration of multiparametric MRI and clinical indicators to predict response to immune-targeted therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- MRI-based microvascular invasion prediction in mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: survival and therapeutic benefit.European radiology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- The role of kinesin family members in hepatobiliary carcinomas: from bench to bedside.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights into Regulatory Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Potential.Cancer management and research · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy in liver cancer: overcoming the tolerogenic liver microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Enhancing HCC Treatment: innovatively combining HDAC2 inhibitor with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Review
- Therapeutic significance of tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma: focus on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Pyroptosis and Its Role in the Modulation of Cancer Progression and Antitumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles: A State-of-the-Art Multifunctional Weapon for Tumor Immunotherapy.Membranes · 2022Review
- Nanoengineering a metal-organic framework for osteosarcoma chemo-immunotherapy by modulating indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- Component with abundant immune-related cells in combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma identified by cluster analysis.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), are lethal cancers with limited therapeutic options. Curative-intent treatment typically involves surgery, yet recurrence is common and many patients present with advanced disease not amenable to an operation. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to improve outcomes, but the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of the liver characteristic of hepatobiliary cancers has hampered the development and implementation of this therapeutic approach. Current immunotherapies under investigation include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the adoptive transfer of immune cells, bispecific antibodies, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are two ICIs that have demonstrated utility in HCC, and newer immune checkpoint targets are being tested in clinical trials. In advanced CCA and GBC, PD-1 ICIs have resulted in antitumor responses, but only in a minority of select patients. Other ICIs are being investigated for patients with CCA and GBC. Adoptive transfer may hold promise, with reports of complete durable regression in metastatic CCA, yet this therapeutic approach may not be generalizable. Alternative approaches have been developed and promising results have been observed, but clinical trials are needed to validate their utility. While the treatment of hepatobiliary cancers involves unique challenges that these cancers present, the progress seen with ICIs and adoptive transfer has solidified immunotherapy as an important approach in these challenging patients with few other effective treatment options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.