ArticleCells2021
Microglia-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Glioma Growth by Modifying Tumor Cell Metabolism and Enhancing Glutamate Clearance through miR-124.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment in Glial Neoplasm: From Understanding Pathogenesis to Future Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapies, and Links to Neurodegeneration.Cancers · 2026Review
- Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Post-Stroke Pathology and Neurorestoration.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Metabolic Messengers: Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of Metabolic Reprogramming in Renal Cell Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mapping the Ischemic Continuum: Dynamic Multi-Omic Biomarker and AI for Personalized Stroke Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-based integrated diagnosis and therapy for GBM: current status and advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging Frontiers in Neuro-Oncology: Insights into Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Tumor Mechanisms and Nanotherapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miR21 of non-tumoral origin as early diagnostic marker of glioma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in metabolic perspective: mechanism and targeted therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Review
- Role of extracellular vesicle-carried ncRNAs in the interactive 'dialogue' within the brain and beyond: emerging theranostic epigenetic modifiers in brain-derived nanoplatforms.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Exploring the roles and clinical potential of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs in glioma.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Research progress of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma of Patients with Glioblastoma Promote Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells Even After Tumor Resection.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Microglia and macrophage metabolism: a regulator of cerebral gliomas.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Deciphering the CNS-glioma dialogue: Advanced insights into CNS-glioma communication pathways and their therapeutic potential.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2024Review
- Microglia in Glioma.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain homeostasis needs continuous exchange of intercellular information among neurons, glial cells, and immune cells, namely microglial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active players of this process. All the cells of the body, including the brain, release at least two subtypes of EVs, the medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs). sEVs released by microglia play an important role in brain patrolling in physio-pathological processes. One of the most common and malignant forms of brain cancer is glioblastoma. Altered intercellular communications constitute a base for the onset and the development of the disease. In this work, we used microglia-derived sEVs to assay their effects in vitro on murine glioma cells and in vivo in a glioma model on C57BL6/N mice. Our findings indicated that sEVs carry messages to cancer cells that modify glioma cell metabolism, reducing lactate, nitric oxide (NO), and glutamate (Glu) release. sEVs affect Glu homeostasis, increasing the expression of Glu transporter Glt-1 on astrocytes. We demonstrated that these effects are mediated by miR-124 contained in microglia-released sEVs. The in vivo benefit of microglia-derived sEVs results in a significantly reduced tumor mass and an increased survival of glioma-bearing mice, depending on miR-124.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.