ArticleCells2021
Secretory Vesicles Are the Principal Means of SARS-CoV-2 Egress.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rab10 coordinates SADS-CoV non-lytic egress through the ERGIC-TGN-lysosome trafficking pathway.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Coronavirus membrane protein with a fluorescent protein tag enables particle tracking for the study of virus assembly and egress in live cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 enhances lysosomal exocytosis and deacidifies lysosomes to facilitate viral release.mLife · 2026Article
- Unveiling alternate pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection via extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Classification and biogenesis of vesicles, and their roles in the transport of viral components.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- CD169Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Coronavirus membrane protein with a fluorescent protein tag enables tracking of virus particles in live cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 remodels the Golgi apparatus to facilitate viral assembly and secretion.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- HSV-1 virions and related particles: biogenesis and implications in the infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Infection Induced by SARS-CoV-2.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Comprehensive proteomic analysis of HCoV-OC43 virions and virus-modulated extracellular vesicles.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 egress from Vero cells: a morphological approach.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2024Article
- M protein ectodomain-specific immunity restrains SARS-CoV-2 variants replication.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) egress, similar to those of other coronaviruses, remain poorly understood. The virus buds in intracellular compartments and is therefore thought to be released by the biosynthetic secretory pathway. However, several studies have recently challenged this hypothesis. It has been suggested that coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, use lysosomes for egress. In addition, a focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) study suggested the existence of exit tunnels linking cellular compartments rich in viral particles to the extracellular space resembling those observed for the human immunodeficiency (HIV) in macrophages. Here, we analysed serial sections of Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that SARS-CoV-2 was more likely to exit the cell in small secretory vesicles. Virus trafficking within the cells involves small vesicles, with each generally containing a single virus particle. These vesicles then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus into the extracellular space. This work sheds new light on the late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle of potential value for guiding the development of new antiviral strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.