Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34440715›Full record

ArticleCells2021

Identification of Novel Cathepsin B Inhibitors with Implications in Alzheimer's Disease: Computational Refining and Biochemical Evaluation.

Nitin Chitranshi, Ashutosh Kumar, Samran Sheriff, Veer Gupta, Angela Godinez, Danit Saks, Soumalya Sarkar, Ting Shen, Mehdi Mirzaei, Devaraj Basavarajappa and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract readVideo-Audio Media
In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Cathepsins in Neurological Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. [Relationship between Oral Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Nitin ChitranshiFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Ashutosh KumarCenter for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan.
Samran SheriffFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1345-7742
Veer GuptaSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Angela GodinezFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Danit SaksFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Soumalya SarkarFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6480-687X
Ting ShenFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Mehdi MirzaeiFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Devaraj BasavarajappaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Morteza AbyadehCell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-4513-7142
Sachin K SinghSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.ORCID 0000-0003-3823-6572
Kamal DuaDiscipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7507-1159
Kam Y J ZhangCenter for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9282-8045
Stuart L GrahamFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Vivek GuptaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Macquarie University · AUDeakin University · AURIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research · JPLovely Professional University · INRoyan Institute · IRUniversity of Technology Sydney · AU

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council 1139560, 1147404Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia 51364/00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), upon proteolytic degradation, forms aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and plaques in the brain, which are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease enzyme that catalyzes the proteolytic degradation of APP in the brain. Thus, cathepsin B inhibition is a crucial therapeutic aspect for the discovery of new anti-Alzheimer's drugs. In this study, we have employed mixed-feature ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) by integrating pharmacophore mapping, docking, and molecular dynamics to detect small, potent molecules that act as cathepsin B inhibitors. The LBVS model was generated by using hydrophobic (HY), hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) features, using a dataset of 24 known cathepsin B inhibitors of both natural and synthetic origins. A validated eight-feature pharmacophore hypothesis (Hypo III) was utilized to screen the Maybridge chemical database. The docking score, MM-PBSA, and MM-GBSA methodology was applied to prioritize the lead compounds as virtual screening hits. These compounds share a common amide scaffold, and showed important interactions with Gln23, Cys29, His110, His111, Glu122, His199, and Trp221. The identified inhibitors were further evaluated for cathepsin-B-inhibitory activity. Our study suggests that pyridine, acetamide, and benzohydrazide compounds could be used as a starting point for the development of novel therapeutics.

Indexed as

Drug DesignMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsBrainCathepsin BComputer-Aided DesignHumansHydrogen BondingHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsLigandsProtease InhibitorsProtein ConformationStructure-Activity RelationshipCathepsin BLigandsProtease Inhibitors3D pharmacophoreAlzheimer’s diseasecathepsin Bdockingmolecular dynamicsvirtual screening

Identifiers

PMID34440715
PMCPMC8391575
OpenAlexW3192759647

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.