ReviewCells2021
The Immune System Throws Its Traps: Cells and Their Extracellular Traps in Disease and Protection.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Basophil Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Disease.Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease: From Host Defense to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- AlEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Study on the pro-inflammatory injury of neutrophil extracellular traps in gouty nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: immune modulation, therapy resistance, and the dilemma of targeting.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cardiac surgery: unlocking new frontiers in cardioprotection and patient outcomes.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- NETosis-specific cell death: a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Transformed and Tumor Cells Spontaneously Produce DNA-Containing Extracellular Structures In Vitro.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Widely Distributed Across Lesional and Perilesional Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin, and Elevated Serum NET Markers Associate With Moderate to Severe HS Disease.International journal of dermatology · 2025Article
- A comparative study of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on semen quality based on a nationwide relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in China at the end of 2022.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- [Research Progress of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of Macrophages and Their Associated Structures in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in diseases of the female reproductive organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Coagulopathy in Patients with COVID-19-Related Thrombosis.Viruses · 2024Article
- The role of hematological parameters in asymptomatic and non-severe cases of Omicron variant infection.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Potential Pathways and Pathophysiological Implications of Viral Infection-Driven Activation of Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS).Viruses · 2024Review
- Extracellular traps are evident in Romanowsky-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2023Article
- DNA-Dependent Interferon Induction and Lung Inflammation inJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The first formal description of the microbicidal activity of extracellular traps (ETs) containing DNA occurred in neutrophils in 2004. Since then, ETs have been identified in different populations of cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Much of the knowledge has been obtained from in vitro or ex vivo studies; however, in vivo evaluations in experimental models and human biological materials have corroborated some of the results obtained. Two types of ETs have been described-suicidal and vital ETs, with or without the death of the producer cell. The studies showed that the same cell type may have more than one ETs formation mechanism and that different cells may have similar ETs formation mechanisms. ETs can act by controlling or promoting the mechanisms involved in the development and evolution of various infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, thrombotic, and neoplastic diseases, among others. This review discusses the presence of ETs in neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and recent evidence of the presence of ETs in B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, due to recently collected information, the effect of ETs on COVID-19 is also discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.