ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Evidence of Long-Lasting Humoral and Cellular Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Even in Elderly COVID-19 Convalescents Showing a Mild to Moderate Disease Progression.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2022Pooled it
- Virology Applications to the COVID-19 Pandemic.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A comparison of Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination and non-vaccination on neurological symptoms and immune response in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of prior COVID-19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP-CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Humoral and cellular immune response levels at a 1-year follow-up after mild COVID-19.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Article
- Chilblains observed during the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be distinguished from classic, cold-related chilblainsEuropean journal of dermatology : EJD · 2022Article
- A combined strategy to detect plasma samples reliably with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in routine laboratories.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2021Article
- Poor humoral and T-cell response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in cardiothoracic transplant recipients.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2021Article
- Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients.Clinical hematology international · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We here evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in 41 COVID-19 convalescents. As previous studies mostly included younger individuals, one advantage of our study is the comparatively high mean age of the convalescents included in the cohort considered (54 ± 8.4 years). While anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were still detectable in 95% of convalescents up to 8 months post infection, an antibody-decay over time was generally observed in most donors. Using a multiplex assay, our data additionally reveal that most convalescents exhibit a broad humoral immunity against different viral epitopes. We demonstrate by flow cytometry that convalescent donors show a significantly elevated number of natural killer cells when compared to healthy controls, while no differences were found concerning other leucocyte subpopulations. We detected a specific long-lasting cellular immune response in convalescents by stimulating immune cells with SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides, covering domains of the viral spike, membrane and nucleocapsid protein, and measuring interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release thereafter. We modified a commercially available ELISA assay for IFN-γ determination in whole-blood specimens of COVID-19 convalescents. One advantage of this assay is that it does not require special equipment and can, thus, be performed in any standard laboratory. In conclusion, our study adds knowledge regarding the persistence of immunity of convalescents suffering from mild to moderate COVID-19. Moreover, our study provides a set of simple methods to characterize and confirm experienced COVID-19.
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