Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34440250›Full record

ArticleBiomedicines2021

Novel Orthogonally Hydrocarbon-Modified Cell-Penetrating Peptide Nanoparticles Mediate Efficient Delivery of Splice-Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides In Vitro and In Vivo.

Safa Bazaz, Tõnis Lehto, Rahel Tops, Olof Gissberg, Dhanu Gupta, Burcu Bestas, Jeremy Bost, Oscar P B Wiklander, Helena Sork, Eman M Zaghloul and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Innovative hyaluronic acid-decorated quatsomes for enhanced renal targeting: design, optimization andJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Amphipathic Octenyl-Alanine Modified Peptides Mediate Effective siRNA Delivery.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Safa BazazClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6440-7577
Tõnis LehtoInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0003-1683-9604
Rahel TopsInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0001-9023-879X
Olof GissbergClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Dhanu GuptaClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Burcu BestasClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Jeremy BostClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3804-0521
Oscar P B WiklanderClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Helena SorkInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Eman M ZaghloulClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Doste R MamandClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Mattias HällbrinkClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Rannar SillardPeptiSystems AB, Virdings Allé 22, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden.
Osama SaherClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3286-5706
Kariem EzzatClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-4186-0675
C I Edvard SmithClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1907-3392
Samir El AndaloussiClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
Taavi LehtoClinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Splice-switching therapy with splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) has recently proven to be a clinically applicable strategy for the treatment of several mis-splice disorders. Despite this, wider application of SSOs is severely limited by the inherently poor bioavailability of SSO-based therapeutic compounds. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a class of drug delivery systems (DDSs) that have recently gained considerable attention for improving the uptake of various oligonucleotide (ON)-based compounds, including SSOs. One strategy that has been successfully applied to develop effective CPP vectors is the introduction of various lipid modifications into the peptide. Here, we repurpose hydrocarbon-modified amino acids used in peptide stapling for the orthogonal introduction of hydrophobic modifications into the CPP structure during peptide synthesis. Our data show that α,α-disubstituted alkenyl-alanines can be successfully utilized to introduce hydrophobic modifications into CPPs to improve their ability to formulate SSOs into nanoparticles (NPs), and to mediate high delivery efficacy and tolerability both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusively, our results offer a new flexible approach for the sequence-specific introduction of hydrophobicity into the structure of CPPs and for improving their delivery properties.

Indexed as

cell-penetrating peptidescellular uptakeendocytosisoligonucleotide deliverysplice-switching oligonucleotides

Identifiers

PMID34440250
PMCPMC8392223

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.