ReviewBiomedicines2021
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence and Prospects.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Molecular Mechanisms in the Etiopathology of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Regenerative Approaches in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Off-Label Use of Topical Ruxolitinib in Dermatology: A Systematic Literature Review and Current Perspectives.Experimental dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical presentations and complications of lichen sclerosus: A systematic review.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Pooled it
- The Importance of Immunological Disorders in the Pathogenesis of Lichen Sclerosus in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- One-year outcome after laser treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a prospective observational trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Trial
- Genital Lichen Sclerosus: From Hidden Mechanisms to Healing Horizons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunological aspects and quality of life among patients with lichen sclerosus.Skin health and disease · 2026Review
- Lichen sclerosus. Part 2. Guideline of the DGG, DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 013-105, July 2025.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Article
- Use of fractional and microablative CO2 laser in cases of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a clinical-histological analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Visualizing Cytoskeletal Protein Reconstruction of Vulvar Cancer with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Gold Nanoparticles.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Elevated expression of immune checkpoints and pro-inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers in pediatric Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The untapped potential of oral vitamin E in lichen sclerosus: from immunobiology to real-life clinical experience.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- State of the Art for Regenerative Management of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Dermatology: A Review with Emphasis on Skin Cancer Management and Prevention.Cancers · 2025Review
- Exploring Genital Lichen Sclerosus: Navigating from Pathophysiology to Precise Diagnostic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Cutaneous dysbiosis in girls with vulvar lichen sclerosus.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Cytokine Networks in Lichen Sclerosus: A Roadmap for Diagnosis and Treatment?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Literature Review with Consideration of Integrative Therapies.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, distressing, inflammatory disease with an enormous impact on quality of life. Treatment goals are relieving symptoms, reversing signs and preventing anatomical changes. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, treatment outcome may not be entirely satisfactory and a definitive cure does not exist. This may be due to the fact that the exact VLS etiopathogenesis remains unknown. The objectives of this paper were to review the most up-to-date knowledge on VLS etiopathogenesis and to consider the available therapies through the lens of a plausible pathogenetic model. An electronic search on both VLS etiopathogenesis and its treatment was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. Based on current knowledge, it is conceivable that various, heterogeneous environmental factors acting on a genetic background trigger an autoimmune, Th-1 response, which leads to a chronic inflammatory state. This, in turn, can determine both tissue and micro-vascular injury and activation of signaling pathways involved in fibroblast and collagen metabolism. This pathogenetic sequence may explain the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly topical corticosteroids, in improving VLS clinical-pathological changes. Further deepening of the disease pathways will presumably allow key mediators to become new therapeutic targets and optimize the available treatments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.