ArticleBiomedicines2021
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and COVID-19 Thrombosis: A Co-Star, Not a Supporting Actor.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of antiphospholipid antibodies in the severity and outcome of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I as an independent risk factor in acute venous thromboembolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The New Occurrence of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Severe COVID-19 Cases with Pneumonia and Vascular Thrombosis Could Explain the Post-COVID Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Criteria and non-criteria anti-phospholipid antibodies in the different clinical forms of antiphospholipid syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and Its Bacterial Co- or Super-Infections Synergize to Trigger COVID-19 Autoimmune Cardiopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Post-viral idiopathic purpura fulminans is associated with inherited thrombophilia and anti-cardiolipin antibodies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Deficiency in the production of antibodies to lipids correlates with increased lipid metabolism in severe COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and the antiphospholipid syndrome.Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Review
- The mosaic of autoimmunity - Finally discussing in person. The 13Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies.Best practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2022Review
- Antigens and Antibodies of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome as New Allies in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Coagulopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 clinical features include a hypercoagulable state that resembles the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a disease characterized by thrombosis and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The relationship between aPL-presence and the appearance of thrombi as well as the transience or permanence of aPL in COVID-19 patients is not sufficiently clear.
methodsA group of 360 COVID-19 patients were followed-up for 6 months. Classic aPL, anti-B2GPI IgA, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin IgG/M and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined at acute phase and >12 weeks later. The reference group included 143 healthy volunteers of the same age-range distribution.
resultsaPL prevalence was similar in COVID-19 patients and the reference population. aPL presence in both determinations was significantly associated with thrombosis (OR: 2.33 and 3.71), strong agreement being found for classic aPL and anti-B2GPI IgA (Weighted kappa: 0.85-0.91). Thrombosis-associated aPL occurred a median of 17 days after hospital admission (IQR: 6-28) vs. 4 days for the rest (IQR: 3-7). Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels increased during convalescence, aPL hardly changed.
conclusionsMost COVID-19 patients would carry these aPL before the infection. At least two mechanisms could be behind thrombosis, early immune-dysregulation-mediated thrombosis after infection and belated-aPL-mediated thrombosis, with SARS-CoV-2 behaving as a second hit.
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