ArticleBiomedicines2021
Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia and Treatment Resistance to Antipsychotics.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia: Taxonomic Shifts, Beta- Diversity Alterations, and Biomarker Potential: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Microbiota and Evaluation of Released Cytokines in Schizophrenia Patients.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Linking the relationship between drug-induced osteoporosis and the gut microbiota.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Blood Microbiome Analysis Reveals Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Drug-Naïve Patients with First-Episode Psychosis: A Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Investigating the gut microbiome in schizophrenia cases versus controls: South Africa's version.Neurogenetics · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Secondary Metabolites in Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for the Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Peripheral biomarkers and the philosophy of precision in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Neuroscience applied · 2025Article
- Relationships of Personality Traits With the Taxonomic Composition of the Gut Microbiome Among Psychiatric Inpatients.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- A Pilot Interaction Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Peripheral Markers of Aging in Severe Psychiatric Disorders: A Role forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Comparison of the Fecal Bacteriome of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Older Adults.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Clinical significance of microbiota changes under the influence of psychotropic drugs. An updated narrative review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The Role of the Microbiome in the Metabolic Health of People with Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: Cross-Sectional and Pre-Post Lifestyle Intervention Analyses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cytokine Imbalance as a Biomarker of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Association of the Gut Microbiota with Clinical Features in Schizophrenia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by more than 40,000 bacterial species involved in key processes including high order brain functions. Altered composition of gut microbiota has been implicated in psychiatric disorders and in modulating the efficacy and safety of psychotropic medications. In this work we characterized the composition of the gut microbiota in 38 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 20 healthy controls (HC), and tested if SCZ patients with different response to antipsychotics (18 patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and 20 responders (R)) had specific patterns of gut microbiota composition associated with different response to antipsychotics. Moreover, we also tested if patients treated with typical antipsychotics (n = 20) presented significant differences when compared to patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (n = 31). Our findings showed the presence of distinct composition of gut microbiota in SCZ versus HC, with several bacteria at the different taxonomic levels only present in either one group or the other. Similar findings were observed also depending on treatment response and exposure to diverse classes of antipsychotics. Our results suggest that composition of gut microbiota could constitute a biosignatures of SCZ and TRS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.