ReviewBiology2021
Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications.
Review in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Left-Right Determination Factor 2 (LEFTY2) Is an Aqueous Humor Biomarker for Exfoliation Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- A Pilot Study Profiling Aqueous Humor-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA in Primary Open-Angle and Exfoliation Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Topical WIN 55 212-2 Confers Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Independent Neuroprotection in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Emerging trends in long-acting sustained drug delivery for glaucoma management.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Clinical significance of a novel inflammatory-nutritional index in glaucoma severity evaluation.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Tear-derived extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular and neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Review
- Unveiling Novel Structural Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Metabolomics facilitates differential diagnosis in common inherited retinal degenerations by exploring their profiles of serum metabolites.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring Epigenetic Modifications as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Candidate genes identification and RNA-seq based pathway analysis associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Precision Medicine in Glaucoma: Artificial Intelligence, Biomarkers, Genetics and Redox State.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A new gene-scoring method for uncovering novel glaucoma-related genes using non-negative matrix factorization based on RNA-seq data.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Chitosan-coated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for topical tetrandrine delivery in glaucoma:Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics-A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Based on multiple machine learning to identify the ENO2 as diagnosis biomarkers of glaucoma.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Netarsudil 0.02% Alters Episcleral Venous Flowrates: A Clinical Trial Using Erythrocyte-Mediated Angiography.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
- Progressive Inflammatory Coupling Drives Glaucoma Progression - a Longitudinal Analysis of Cytokine-RNFL Dynamics.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glaucoma is an insidious group of eye diseases causing degeneration of the optic nerve, progressive loss of vision, and irreversible blindness. The number of people affected by glaucoma is estimated at 80 million in 2021, with 3.5% prevalence in people aged 40-80. The main biomarker and risk factor for the onset and progression of glaucoma is the elevation of intraocular pressure. However, when glaucoma is diagnosed, the level of retinal ganglion cell death usually amounts to 30-40%; hence, the urgent need for its early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of glaucoma, from proteins to metabolites, may be helpful as indicators of pathogenic processes observed during the disease's onset. The discovery of human glaucoma biomarkers is hampered by major limitations, including whether medications are influencing the expression of molecules in bodily fluids, or whether tests to validate glaucoma biomarker candidates should include human subjects with different types and stages of the disease, as well as patients with other ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the proper selection of the biofluid or tissue, as well as the analytical platform, should be mandatory. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning proteomics- and metabolomics-based glaucoma biomarkers, with specificity to human eye tissue and fluid, as well the analytical approach and the main results obtained. The complex data published to date, which include at least 458 different molecules altered in human glaucoma, merit a new, integrative approach allowing for future diagnostic tests based on the absolute quantification of local and/or systemic biomarkers of glaucoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.