Observational studyBiomolecules2021
Diagnostic Significance of Serum Galectin-3 in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19-A Preliminary Study.
Observational study in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prognostic Value of Pentraxin-3 in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality Incidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Galectins can serve as biomarkers in COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Association between galectin-3 and echocardiographic changes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective observational study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Observational
- Serum Apelin-13 and Galectin-3 in COVID-19: Associations With Routine Biochemical Parameters and Diagnostic Performance in a Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Changes in Subclinical Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury and Inflammation and SARS-COV-2 Serological Analyses in a Cohort of Community-dwelling Adults.Research square · 2026Article
- Observational
- Review
- Cytokine, chemokine, and acute-phase protein profiles in plasma as correlative biomarkers of clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recent advances in TAM mechanisms in lung diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Correlations of sST2 and Gal-3 with Cardiothoracic Ratio in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Increased Levels of Galectin-3 in Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Syncytium under the Radar: Molecular Insights of the Spike-Induced Syncytia and Potential Strategies to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Replication.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- A Review: The Potential Involvement of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage and in Coronavirus Disease 2019.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Pivotal Role of Galectin-3 in Viral Infection: A Multifaceted Player in Host-Pathogen Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Galectin-3 as a Marker for Increased Thrombogenicity in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 as an important prognostic marker for COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Galectins: Their Network and Roles in Infection/Immunity/Tumor Growth Control 2021.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Gal-3BP in Viral Infections: An Emerging Role in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyperinflammation leading to organ injury, including respiratory failure. Galectin-3 was implicated in innate immunological response to infections and in chronic fibrosis. The aim of our preliminary study was the assessment of the diagnostic utility of serum galectin-3 in patients with COVID-19. The prospective observational study included adult patients admitted with active COVID-19 and treated in tertiary hospital between June and July 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the quantitative detection of nucleic acid of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. Galectin-3 was measured by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples obtained during the first five days of hospital stay. We included 70 patients aged 25 to 73 years; 90% had at least one comorbidity. During the hospital stay, 32.9% were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and 12.9% required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Serum galectin-3 was significantly increased in patients who developed pneumonia, particularly those who required ICU admission. Positive correlations were found between galectin-3 and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, pentraxin-3), a marker of endothelial injury (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), and a range of tissue injury markers. Serum galectin-3 enabled the diagnosis of pneumonia with moderate diagnostic accuracy and the need for ICU treatment with high diagnostic accuracy. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that galectin-3 may be involved in severe COVID-19. Further studies are planned to confirm the preliminary results and to verify possible associations of galectin-3 with long-term consequences of COVID-19, including pulmonary fibrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.