ArticleCancers2021
Comparison of FLASH Proton Entrance and the Spread-Out Bragg Peak Dose Regions in the Sparing of Mouse Intestinal Crypts and in a Pancreatic Tumor Model.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global clinical landscape and multidisciplinary translational frontiers of FLASH radiotherapy: a systematic review and visualized bibliometric mapping based on WoSCC and PubMed (2014-2025).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Impact assessment of current knowledge gaps and mitigation strategies in clinical FLASH proton therapy through a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The current status of FLASH particle therapy: a systematic review.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Examining the Occurrence of the FLASH Effect in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ultra-High Dose Rate Proton or Carbon Ion Irradiation.Technology in cancer research & treatmentPooled it
- Harnessing the sparing effect of FLASH-RT: From phenomenon observation, radiophysical determinants to molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Spread-Out Bragg Peak FLASH Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Reirradiation: A Treatment Planning Study.International journal of particle therapy · 2026Article
- Deliverable proton conformal FLASH radiotherapy treatment planning for head and neck re-irradiation patients.Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Investigating the oxygen dependence of FLASH-RT using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging.Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026Article
- Novel Bragg peak FLASH radiotherapy: treatment of base-of-skull tumors within existing clinical guidelines.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- FLASH radiotherapy as an emerging paradigm in radioimmunotherapy: biological rationale, preclinical evidence, and translational roadmap.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities for FLASH radiotherapy in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Systematic analysis of biological endpoint variability and implications for quantitative modeling of the FLASH sparing effect.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Carbon ion FLASH irradiation reduces acute skin toxicity compared with conventional dose rate irradiation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Partial abdominal carbon-ion FLASH irradiation spares lethality compared to conventional irradiation: impact of LET and dose rate.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing the Biological Effects of FLASH Irradiation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Optimization and fabrication of a novel 3D-printed variable density range modulation device for proton FLASH beams.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Feasibility of prototype diamond detectors for pulsed UHDR PBS small-field proton dosimetry for proton FLASH experiments.Physics in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Tissue-specific iron levels modulate lipid peroxidation and the FLASH radiotherapy effect.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Fixation method influences FLASH skin sparing in an in vivo leg model.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ultra-high dose rate FLASH proton radiotherapy (F-PRT) has been shown to reduce normal tissue toxicity compared to standard dose rate proton radiotherapy (S-PRT) in experiments using the entrance portion of the proton depth dose profile, while proton therapy uses a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) with unknown effects on FLASH toxicity sparing. To investigate, the biological effects of F-PRT using an SOBP and the entrance region were compared to S-PRT in mouse intestine. In this study, 8-10-week-old C57BL/6J mice underwent 15 Gy (absorbed dose) whole abdomen irradiation in four groups: (1) SOBP F-PRT, (2) SOBP S-PRT, (3) entrance F-PRT, and (4) entrance S-PRT. Mice were injected with EdU 3.5 days after irradiation, and jejunum segments were harvested and preserved. EdU-positive proliferating cells and regenerated intestinal crypts were quantified. The SOBP had a modulation (width) of 2.5 cm from the proximal to distal 90%. Dose rates with a SOBP for F-PRT or S-PRT were 108.2 ± 8.3 Gy/s or 0.82 ± 0.14 Gy/s, respectively. In the entrance region, dose rates were 107.1 ± 15.2 Gy/s and 0.83 ± 0.19 Gy/s, respectively. Both entrance and SOBP F-PRT preserved a significantly higher number of EdU + /crypt cells and percentage of regenerated crypts compared to S-PRT. Moreover, tumor growth studies showed no difference between SOBP and entrance for either of the treatment modalities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.