ReviewCancers2021
Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer-Updates on Therapeutic Implications and Pathologic Assessment.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The association between tumor-stromal collagen features and the clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer: a systematic review.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Pooled it
- SpaCEy links spatial tissue patterns to clinical outcomes using explainable graph neural networks.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Amplification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B aids in immune infiltration regulation and breast cancer tumorigenesis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Silencing the Signal: The Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1 Disrupts Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Decoding triple negative breast cancer bone metastasis: from 3D bioprinted models to clinical translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosomal lncRNAs as molecular switches driving macrophage-tumor co-evolution in breast cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Integrating network pharmacology with ex-vivo analysis to assess the effect of IL-2 in halting breast cancer: involvement of Treg/CTLA-4/Blimp-1/caspase-3.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A novel combination for in vivo breast cancer treatment: TAK1 inhibition combined with metformin and Lentinula edodes compounds synergistically reinvigorates CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Multiscale modeling reveals synergy between CCL19 and PD-1 blockade in reshaping the TNBC microenvironment.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Distinct biological and molecular characteristics of breast cancer in young women: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Spatial Chromatin Accessibility Analysis of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2026Article
- CA IX Inhibition by a Sulfonamide Compound: A Therapeutic Approach Against Breast Cancer.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment and key signaling pathways in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment transcriptional activity enables robust stratification of chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Desmoplastic Reaction in the Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- The WISP1/Src/MIF Axis Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Non-Invasive MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells.Cells · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: formation, immune functions and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Endotoxin tolerance enhances breast cancer aggressiveness and alters inflammatory marker expression in tumor and spleen of mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer comprises local factors, cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells of the local and distant tissues. The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays important roles in tumor proliferation, propagation and response to therapies. There is increasing research in exploring and manipulating the non-cancerous components of the TME for breast cancer treatment. As the TME is now increasingly recognized as a treatment target, its pathologic assessment has become a critical component of breast cancer management. The latest WHO classification of tumors of the breast listed stromal response pattern/fibrotic focus as a prognostic factor and includes recommendations on the assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, with therapeutic implications. This review dissects the TME of breast cancer, describes pathologic assessment relevant for prognostication and treatment decision, and details therapeutic options that interacts with and/or exploits the TME in breast cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.