ArticleCancers2021
Esophageal Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle miR-21-5p Contributes to EMT of ESCC Cells by Disorganizing Macrophage Polarization.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Plasma-Derived sEVs from HNSCC Patients Differentially Regulate NF-κB Signaling in Macrophages Depending on the HPV Status.Cancers · 2026Article
- TGIF2-mediated HMGB3 overexpression promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through TLR3/TGF-β signaling.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- A multidimensional landscape of extracellular vesicle-mediated tumor drug resistance: mechanisms, biomarkers, engineered drug delivery, and clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Role of the AKT signaling pathway in regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization and in the tumor microenvironment: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Molecular roles of microRNA-21 and exosomal miR-21 in gastrointestinal cancers: diagnostic, therapeutic, and drug resistance insights.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Using Nanocarriers: New Perspectives to Halt Cancer Progression.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 promotes radioresistance by regulating glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and its unique immunoinvasive pattern.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of exosomal microRNAs in renal cancer.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Current status of research on the mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal cancer progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Role of exosomes in metastasis and therapeutic resistance in esophageal cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Review
- The Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Cancers.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Review
- Role of tumor-associated macrophages in common digestive system malignant tumors.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Are Important Mediators That Regulate Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis via the Immune System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- MicroRNA: role in macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of the liver fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- The miRNA-21-5p Payload in Exosomes from M2 Macrophages Drives Tumor Cell Aggression via PTEN/Akt Signaling in Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The disorganized polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exerts a critical effect on tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cancer cells may contribute to this process. However, the relationship between TAMs and EVs-miRNAs-mediated regulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In the present study, immunoaffinity magnetic beads combined with antiepithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) were used to isolate and identify EVs-miR-21-5p from the plasma of ESCC patients. An in vitro coculture system was designed to evaluate the effect of esophageal cancer cells with miR-21-5p overexpression on macrophage polarization. We found that phorbol myristate acetate-induced THP-1 macrophages took up EVs-miR-21-5p from EC109 or EC9706 cells and were transformed into M2 macrophages. This, in turn, contributed to the excessive migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. The mechanism underlying these changes may involve activation of M2 macrophages by upregulated ESCC-derived EVs-miR-21-5p through the PTEN/AKT/STAT6 pathway. This may result in esophageal cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via TGF-β/Smad2 signaling. Our results indicate positive feedback between M2 macrophage polarization and EMT of esophageal cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment via shuttling of miR-21-5p in tumor-derived EVs.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.