ArticleCancers2021
CD44 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis through ERK-ZEB1 Signaling.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro model of predicting metastatic ability using tumor derived extracellular vesicles; beyond seed soil hypothesis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Cannabidiol effects in stem cells: A systematic review.BioFactors (Oxford, England)Pooled it
- Multifaceted roles of CD44 in cancer progression and targeted therapeutic strategies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- IGLC3Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The STAT3-ZEB1 axis contributes to CCL2-mediated resistance to osimertinib in lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- CD44 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 coexpression predicts distant metastasis in colorectal cancer based on a study of 1137 Saudi patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antimetastatic effects of chamuangone-enriched extract in breast cancer lung metastasis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Endometriosis in para-aortic lymph nodes without any pelvic endometriosis: the first case report, sequencing analysis and literature review.BMC women's health · 2025Review
- CD44 as a Central Integrator of Inflammation and Fibrosis: From Molecular Signaling to Environmental Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Connexin43 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma via GJIC-Dependent CaCancer science · 2025Article
- Oncogenic role of fumarate hydratase in breast cancer: metabolic reprogramming and mechanistic insights.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- ERK2-mediated phosphorylation of ZEB1 at S322 enhances PD-L1 expression and EMT, leading to pancreatic cancer progression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases.MedComm · 2024Review
- Selective enhanced cytotoxicity of amino acid deprivation for cancer therapy using thermozyme functionalized nanocatalyst.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Nanoenabled intracellular zinc bursting for efficacious reversal of gefitinib resistance in lung cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Spontaneous metastasis xenograft models link CD44 isoform 4 to angiogenesis, hypoxia, EMT and mitochondria-related pathways in colorectal cancer.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Common Variants in Osteopontin andCells · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignancy with high mortality worldwide, and metastasis occurs at a high frequency even when cancer spread is not detectable at primary operation. Cancer stemness plays an important role in malignant cancer behavior, treatment resistance, and cancer metastasis. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathogenesis behind cancer-stemness-mediated metastasis and developing effective approaches to prevent metastasis are key issues for improving cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of CD44 stemness marker in lung cancer using in vitro and clinical studies. Immunohistochemical staining of lung cancer tissue specimens revealed that primary tumors with higher CD44 expression showed increased metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that CD44 positive cells were enriched in the metastatic lymph nodes compared to the primary tumors. CD44 overexpression significantly increased migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells through CD44-induced ERK phosphorylation, ZEB1 upregulation, and Claudin-1 downregulation. Furthermore, ERK inhibition suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of CD44-overexpressing lung cancer cells. In summary, our in vitro and clinical results indicate that CD44 may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic marker for lung cancer patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.