ReviewCancers2021
Heavy Metals in the Environment and Thyroid Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Pattern and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- The preventive and carcinogenic effect of metals on cancer: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Arsenic exposure and skin cancer: Mechanisms, clinical evidence and public health implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Detection of preoperative serum trace elements in thyroid tumors.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pathophysiology and histological anomalies in testicular tissues of Calosoma olivieri exposed to heavy metals generated by pesticide industries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heavy metals as endocrine disruptors.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Human Exposure to Metals and Potential Human Health Risk in a Volcanic Environment in Italy.Toxics · 2025Article
- Assessment of heavy metal exposure and cancer risk in Addis Ababa: Trends, risk factors and demographic variations in urinary cadmium, lead and chromium levels.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Elemental comparative analysis of 18 elements reveal distinct patterns in benign and malignant thyroid tissues.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Levels of Mineral Elements in Different Organs of Dogs from the Ionian-Etnean Volcanic Area.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer in Tuscany (Central Italy) 2013-2017: Not Just Overdiagnosis.Cancers · 2025Article
- Serum levels of thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and their association with anxiety in environmentally exposed populations in Kazakhstan.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Narrative overview of possible preventive measures for differentiated thyroid carcinomas.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Article
- Perceived problems of parents of adolescents with cancer: A qualitative study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Heavy metal burden in the urine and cancer risk.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Raptinal: a powerful tool for rapid induction of apoptotic cell death.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased more than most other cancers, paralleling the generalized worldwide increase in metal pollution. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting a possible causative link between the increase in heavy metals in the environment and thyroid cancer. The major novelty is that human thyroid stem/progenitor cells (thyrospheres) chronically exposed to different metals at slightly increased environmentally relevant concentrations show a biphasic increase in proliferation typical of hormesis. The molecular mechanisms include, for all metals investigated, the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. A metal mixture, at the same concentration of individual metals, was more effective. Under the same conditions, mature thyrocytes were unaffected. Preliminary data with tungsten indicate that, after chronic exposure, additional abnormalities may occur and persist in thyrocytes derived from exposed thyrospheres, leading to a progeny population of transformation-prone thyroid cells. In a rat model predisposed to develop thyroid cancer, long-term exposure to low levels of metals accelerated and worsened histological signs of malignancy in the thyroid. These studies provide new insight on metal toxicity and carcinogenicity occurring in thyroid cells at a low stage of differentiation when chronically exposed to metal concentrations that are slightly increased, albeit still in the "normal" range.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.