ArticleCancers2021
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Rise of Oncoendocrinology: How Modern Cancer Therapies Are Reshaping Endocrine Practice.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy-Related Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated new-onset hypophysitis: a retrospective analysis using the FAERS.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Uncovering the flip side of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive review of immune-related adverse events and predictive biomarkers.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Etiopathogenic Spectrum of Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Threat to the Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis: A Completed Puzzle.Cancers · 2022Review
- Grading Central Diabetes Insipidus Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Challenging Task.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune hypophysitis is a frequent immune-related adverse event (irAE) in cancer patients treated with immunecheckpoint inhibitors. Studies seeking anti-pituitary (APA) and anti-hypothalamus (AHA) antibodies in patients treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are scarce. The aim of this study is to search for APA and AHA and related pituitary dysfunction in patients treated with these agents.
methodsCross-sectional and preliminary longitudinal studies were conducted at the Medical Oncology Unit and Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit of the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli". Fifty-four cancer patients on treatments with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 (Group 1) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled for a cross-sectional study; 13 cancer patients (Group 2) were enrolled for our preliminary longitudinal study. APA/AHA titers and changes in biochemical and hormonal profile were evaluated in Group 1; in Group 2, they were evaluated before and after nine weeks from the start of immunotherapy.
resultsPatients of Group 1 showed a higher prevalence of APA and AHA than controls: 21 of them had APA, 16 had AHA, and 11 had both autoantibodies. In total, 7 of 13 patients in Group 2 became APA-positive and 3 became AHA-positive after nine weeks of immunotherapy, showing an increase in prolactin and a decrease in ACTH and IGF-1 levels compared with basal values.
conclusionsAnti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies seem to play a pivotal role in hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity and secondary endocrine-related alterations evoked by anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies.
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