ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Dispensing Antibiotics without Prescription at Community Pharmacies and Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Tanzania: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Drivers of inappropriate use of antibiotics among community members in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of qualitative studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prescription-only medicine requests by clients: Insights from community pharmacies.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- A systematic review of antimicrobial stewardship practices and challenges in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) regulated retail medicine settings.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- A point prevalence survey on antibiotic dispensing practices identifies targets for quality improvement of antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Surveying Self-Medication Practices and Attitudes Toward Antibiotic Use Among Adults in Primary Care.Cureus · 2025Article
- Pollution by antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance genes in East Africa: Occurrence, sources, and potential environmental implications.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Patterns of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda and Tanzania.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Association of Knowledge and Attitude Toward Antibiotic Use and Resistance With Self-Medication Practice of Antibiotics Among Bangladeshi Private University Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Population-Based Prevalence of Antibiotic Residuals in Low, Moderate and High Malaria Endemicity Areas in Tanzania.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modelling Interventions to Combat Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa Using Causal Bayesian Networks.Research square · 2025Article
- Antibiotics stewardship: prevalence, nature, and factors associated with dispensing of antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists in Nigeria.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- "Arming half-baked people with weapons!" Information enclaving among professionals and the need for a care-centred model for antibiotic use information in Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi.Global health action · 2024Article
- Intersecting social and environmental determinants of multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections in East Africa beyond antibiotic use.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing pneumonia among adult patients with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- The appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy in the management of symptomatic urinary tract infection patients-a cross-sectional study in Nairobi County, Kenya.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria colonizing the external ocular surfaces of patients undergoing ocular surgeries at Bugando Medical Center in Mwanza, Tanzania.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Predominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infections among symptomatic patients in East Africa: a call for action.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Treatment seeking and antibiotic use for urinary tract infection symptoms in the time of COVID-19 in Tanzania and Uganda.Journal of global health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance is increasing rapidly and is associated with misuse of antimicrobials. The HATUA study (a broader 3-country study) investigated the antibiotic dispensing practices of pharmaceutical providers to clients, particularly the propensity to dispense without prescription. A cross-sectional study using a 'mystery client' method was conducted in 1148 community pharmacies and accredited drugs dispensing outlets (ADDO) in Mwanza (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.