Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34438995›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

ESBL-Producing, Carbapenem- and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant

Sien De Koster, Moniek Ringenier, Christine Lammens, Arjan Stegeman, Tijs Tobias, Francisca Velkers, Hans Vernooij, Marjolein Kluytmans-van den Bergh, Jan Kluytmans, Jeroen Dewulf and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Avian PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Antimicrobial Resistance in SelectedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sien De KosterLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5267-5080
Moniek RingenierVeterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-2052-7876
Christine LammensLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9424-3107
Arjan StegemanDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4361-3846
Tijs TobiasDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0747-9531
Francisca VelkersDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2923-3233
Hans VernooijDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2646-9216
Marjolein Kluytmans-van den BerghDepartment of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6576-6408
Jan KluytmansJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jeroen DewulfVeterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9843-5990
Herman GoossensLaboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
On Behalf Of The I-Health Study Group

Funding

Belgian Department of Agriculture and Fisheries no referenceEuropean Regional Development Fund 0215Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie DGNRRE/14191181Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport 325911Province of Antwerp 1564470690117/1564470610014Province of East-Flanders E01/subsidie/VLNL/i-4-1-HealthProvincie Noord-Brabant PROJ-00715/PROJ-01018/PROJ-00758
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of antibiotics in food production selects for resistant bacteria and may cause a threat to human and animal health. Belgium and the Netherlands have one of the highest densities of broilers and pigs in Europe, making active monitoring of antibiotic use and resistance in this region vital.

objectivesThis study aimed to quantify ESBL-producing (ESBL-

methodsA total of 779 broiler and 817 pig fecal samples, collected from 29 conventional broiler and 31 multiplier pig farms in the cross-border region of Belgium and the Netherlands, were screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistant

resultsCarbapenem-resistant

conclusionsThis study demonstrated marked differences in antibiotic resistance between countries, farms and within farms. The observed variation cannot be explained straightforward by prior quantity of antibiotic use suggesting that it results from more complex interactions that warrant further investigation.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceantibiotic usebroilersEscherichia colipigs

Identifiers

PMID34438995
PMCPMC8388939

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.