Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34438982›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Khalid Hajissa, Mahfuza Marzan, Mubarak Ibrahim Idriss, Md Asiful Islam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Nasal nitric oxide measurement in allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Molecular detection of rifampicin-resistantFrontiers in medicine · 2024
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Role of Iron Indices in Anemia in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Genomic, phenotypic and demographic characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant DiarrheagenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  18. Global Prevalence of Antifungal-ResistantTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Khalid HajissaDepartment of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Mahfuza MarzanDepartment of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Mubarak Ibrahim IdrissLaboratory Division, Kassala State Ministry of Health, Kassala, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0001-6187-3348
Md Asiful IslamDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-5937-6473

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still one of the most critical issues impeding worldwide TB control efforts. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to give an updated picture of the prevalence of DR-TB in Sudan. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) to identify all published studies reporting prevalence data of DR-TB in Sudan. Sixteen eligible studies published during 2002-2020 were included. Using meta-analysis of proportions, the pooled prevalence of TB cases with resistance to any anti-TB drugs was 47.0% (95% CI: 35.5-58.6%). The overall prevalence of mono, multi, poly and extensive drug resistance were estimated to be 16.2% (95% CI: 9.0-23.4%), 22.8% (95% CI: 16.0-29.7%), 6.8% (95% CI: 0.5-13.0%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0-2.1%), respectively. Considering any first-line anti-TB drugs, the resistance prevalence was highest for isoniazid (32.3%) and streptomycin (31.7%), followed by rifampicin (29.2%). In contrast, resistance against second-line drugs was reported for only two antibiotics, namely, ofloxacin (2.1%) and kanamycin (0.7%). Of note, the resistance profile of the previously treated patients was found to be remarkably high compared with the newly diagnosed TB patients. The relatively high prevalence estimation of anti-TB drug resistance warrants strengthening TB control and treatment strategies in Sudan.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistancedrug-resistantepidemiologymeta-analysisprevalenceSudansystematic reviewtuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID34438982
PMCPMC8388945

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.