Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34438806›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021

Companion Animal Type and Level of Engagement Matter: A Mixed-Methods Study Examining Links between Companion Animal Guardianship, Loneliness and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Heather Clements, Stephanie Valentin, Nicholas Jenkins, Jean Rankin, Nancy R Gee, Donna Snellgrove, Katherine A Sloman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Perceived stress levels of pet and non-pet owners in Cebu, Philippines.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  11. Companion Animal Fostering as Health Promotion: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Pet ownership, feelings of loneliness, and mood in people affected by the first COVID-19 lockdown.Journal of veterinary behavior : clinical applications and research : official journal of : Australian Veterinary Behaviour Interest Group, International Working Dog Breeding Association · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Heather ClementsSchool of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3861-9979
Stephanie ValentinSchool of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK.
Nicholas JenkinsSchool of Education & Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK.
Jean RankinSchool of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
Nancy R GeeCenter for Human-Animal Interaction, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2890-9884
Donna SnellgroveWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds LE14 4RT, UK.
Katherine A SlomanSchool of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.

Funding

Mars Petcare UK N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, countries worldwide placed limitations on social interaction, which is anticipated to have severe psychological consequences. Although findings are inconsistent, prior research has suggested that companion animals may positively influence human well-being and reduce loneliness. In the context of COVID-19, this has important implications, as companion animal guardians may be less negatively affected by the pandemic. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the influence of companion animals on mental well-being and loneliness during the pandemic, with specific interest in the role of ornamental fishes. A mixed-methods study was conducted, using an international sample. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey (

Indexed as

COVID-19human–animal interactionlonelinessmental well-beingmixed methodsornamental fishes

Identifiers

PMID34438806
PMCPMC8388758

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.