ArticlePloS one2021
Uterine leiomyoma is associated with the risk of developing endometriosis: A nationwide cohort study involving 156,195 women.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coexistence of gynecological pathology with endometriosis and adenomyosis.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Catamenial pneumothorax presenting as tension pneumothorax: a case report.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Relationship Between Uterine Fibroids and Breast Cancer in East Asian Women.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Improving Replication in Endometrial Omics: Understanding the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Similar but Distinct Comorbidity Patterns Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis in Korean Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Use of the Free Endometriosis Risk Advisor App as a Non-Invasive Screening Test for Endometriosis in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain and/or Unexplained Infertility.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- A Case Report of Non-puerperal Uterine Inversion due to Submucosa Leiomyoma in a Young Virgin Woman.Case reports in surgery · 2022Article
- Endometriosis and Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomata): Comorbidity, Risks and Implications.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Review
- Myomectomy: Choosing the Surgical Approach - A Systematic Review.Gynecology and minimally invasive therapyReview
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEvidence for an association between uterine leiomyoma and increased risk of endometriosis is limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We assessed this association in a large nationwide sample with 14 years of data.
designData were sourced from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000). MATERIALS AND
methodsWe identified 31,239 women aged ≥20 years diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 218) between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2012, who were matched with 124,956 controls (1:4) by 5-year age groups and year of diagnosis. Follow-up was from the date of LHID2000 entry to the first occurrence of endometriosis, loss to follow-up, insurance termination, or until December 31, 2013, whichever was earlier.
resultsIn Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for endometriosis in women with uterine leiomyoma was 6.44 (95% CI, 6.18, 6.72) compared with controls. The risk of endometriosis was significantly increased in women with uterine leiomyoma and comorbidities of tube-ovarian infection (aHR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.28, 6.36), endometritis (1.14; 1.06, 1.24), infertility (1.26; 1.16, 1.37), or allergic diseases (1.11; 1.05, 1.17). Having both uterine leiomyoma and endometritis significantly increased the risk of endometriosis (aHR 6.73; 95% CI, 6.07, 7.45) versus having only uterine leiomyoma (6.61; 6.33, 6.91) or endometritis (1.49; 1.31, 1.69). Similarly, having both uterine leiomyoma and infertility significantly increased the risk of endometriosis (aHR 6.95; 95% CI, 6.21, 7.78) versus having only uterine leiomyoma (6.66; 6.38, 6.96) or infertility (1.78; 1.57, 2.02).
conclusionsA diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma appears to increase the risk of endometriosis. Patients presenting with uterine fibroids should be encouraged to give informed consent for possible simultaneous surgical treatment of endometriosis.
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