ArticlePloS one2021
"Mass gathering events and COVID-19 transmission in Borriana (Spain): A retrospective cohort study".
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- A comprehensive perspective of the innovation and reflection on virtual reality in the teaching and learning of anesthesiology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA Presence in Outdoor Air of Public Spaces in Valladolid During Winter, 2021.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Underreporting of Cases in the COVID-19 Outbreak of Borriana (Spain) during Mass Gathering Events in March 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of COVID-19 and influenza prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj and Umrah in 2022: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and genomic sequencing.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Syndromic surveillance during 2022 Uganda Martyrs' commemoration.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- The cost of mass gatherings during a pandemic.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Measurement and rapid assessment of indoor air quality at mass gathering events to assess ventilation performance and reduce aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Building services engineering research & technology : BSER & T · 2023Article
- ABO Blood Groups and Incidence of COVID-19 in the Mass Gathering Events in Borriana (Spain), March 2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Population-weighted exposure to green spaces tied to lower COVID-19 mortality rates: A nationwide dose-response study in the USA.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Green spaces, especially nearby forest, may reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate: A nationwide study in the United States.Landscape and urban planning · 2022Article
- Participatory disease surveillance for a mass gathering - a prospective cohort study on COVID-19, Germany 2021.BMC public health · 2022Observational
- Mitigation of COVID-19 at the 2021 National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prerequisite for COVID-19 Prediction: A Review on Factors Affecting the Infection Rate.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Estimating social contacts in mass gatherings for disease outbreak prevention and management: case of Hajj pilgrimage.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2022Article
- Assessment of Community Behavior and COVID-19 Transmission during Festivities in India: A Qualitative Synthesis through a Media Scanning Technique.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMass gathering events (MGEs) are associated with the transmission of COVID-19. Between 6 and 10 March 2020, several MGEs related to the Falles festival took place in Borriana, a municipality in the province of Castellon (Spain). The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with these MGEs, and to quantify the potential risk factors of its occurrence.
methodsDuring May and June 2020, a population-based retrospective cohort study was carried out by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Hospital de la Plana in Vila-real. Participants were obtained from a representative sample of 1663 people with potential exposure at six MGEs. A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain information about attendance at MGEs and COVID-19 disease. In addition, a serologic survey of antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 was implemented. Inverse probability weighted regression was used in the statistical analysis.
resultsA total of 1338 subjects participated in the questionnaire survey (80.5%), 997 of whom undertook the serologic survey. Five hundred and seventy cases were observed with an attack rate (AR) of 42.6%; average age was 36 years, 62.3% were female, 536 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests, and 514 cases were found with SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Considering MGE exposure, AR was 39.2% (496/1264). A dose-response relationship was found between MGE attendance and the disease, (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 4.11 95% confidence interval [CI]3.25-5.19). Two MGEs with a dinner and dance in the same building had higher risks. Associated risk factors with the incidence were older age, obesity, and upper and middle class versus lower class; current smoking was protective.
conclusionsThe study suggests the significance of MGEs in the COVID-19 transmission that could explain the subsequent outbreak in Borriana.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.