ReviewToxins2021
From Poison to Promise: The Evolution of Tetrodotoxin and Its Potential as a Therapeutic.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of tetrodotoxin in Sprague-Dawley rats following intramuscular injection.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pufferfish exposure and presumed tetrodotoxicosis in Australian dogs: 372 cases (2007-2018).Australian veterinary journal · 2026Article
- The Potential and Prospects of Marine Drugs in Intervening Nerve-Tumor Crosstalk.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- LUMIN: an automated graphical analysis toolbox for high-throughput calcium imaging of in vitro neuronal cultures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Circadian IOP Rhythm in Rats Is Driven by Neural Signals From the Brain.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Searching for Paralytic Toxin, Tetrodotoxin, in Swedish Bivalve Shellfish.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Tetrodotoxin: The State-of-the-Art Progress in Characterization, Detection, Biosynthesis, and Transport Enrichment.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Does climate change increase the risk of marine toxins? Insights from changing seawater conditions.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Toxicological and Pharmacological Activities, and Potential Medical Applications, of Marine Algal Toxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The impact of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the gut microbiome in juvenile tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Marine Toxins as Pharmaceutical Treasure Troves: A Focus on Saxitoxin Derivatives from a Computational Point of View.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Monthly Variation of Tetrodotoxin Levels in Pufferfish (Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Assessing the Toxicity ofMarine drugs · 2023Article
- Recovery of tetrodotoxin from pufferfish viscera extract by amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Metaplasticity: a key to visual recovery from amblyopia in adulthood?Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2022Review
- An Updated Review of Tetrodotoxin and Its Peculiarities.Marine drugs · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that was first identified in pufferfish but has since been isolated from an array of taxa that host TTX-producing bacteria. However, determining its origin, ecosystem roles, and biomedical applications has challenged researchers for decades. Recognized as a poison and for its lethal effects on humans when ingested, TTX is primarily a powerful sodium channel inhibitor that targets voltage-gated sodium channels, including six of the nine mammalian isoforms. Although lethal doses for humans range from 1.5-2.0 mg TTX (blood level 9 ng/mL), when it is administered at levels far below LD
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.