Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34436714›Full record

Trial reportAIDS and behavior2022

Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Incentives for Viral Suppression in People Living with HIV.

Laura J Dunlap, Stephen Orme, Gary A Zarkin, David R Holtgrave, Catherine Maulsby, Andrew M Rodewald, August F Holtyn, Kenneth Silverman

Erratum issuedAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in AIDS and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Methamphetamine Toxicities and Clinical Management.NEJM evidence · 2023 · on this map
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Estimation of the Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Lost Due to Syphilis Acquired in the United States in 2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Laura J DunlapBehavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Stephen OrmeBehavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. sorme@rti.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-5745
Gary A ZarkinBehavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
David R HoltgraveSchool of Public Health, and Center for Collaborative HIV Research in Practice and Policy, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
Catherine MaulsbyDepartment of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrew M RodewaldDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Learning and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
August F HoltynDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Learning and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kenneth SilvermanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Learning and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

HUMAN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSET32DA007209 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Eric C. Strain, Elise M Weerts · 1985 to 2026
$12.9M
Incentives for Suppression of HIV-1 RNA in People Living with HIVR01AI117065 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2015 to 2019
$3.8M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI117065NIDA NIH HHS T32DA07209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Only 63% of people living with HIV in the United States are achieving viral suppression. Structural and social barriers limit adherence to antiretroviral therapy which furthers the HIV epidemic while increasing health care costs. This study calculated the cost and cost-effectiveness of a contingency management intervention with cash incentives. People with HIV and detectable viral loads were randomized to usual care or an incentive group. Individuals could earn up to $3650 per year if they achieved and maintained an undetectable viral load. The average 1-year intervention cost, including incentives, was $4105 per patient. The average health care costs were $27,189 per patient in usual care and $35,853 per patient in the incentive group. We estimated a cost of $28,888 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, which is well below accepted cost-per-QALY thresholds. Contingency management with cash incentives is a cost-effective intervention for significantly increasing viral suppression.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsMotivationCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansQuality-Adjusted Life YearsUnited StatesViral LoadAntiretroviral medication adherenceCost-effectivenessHIVIncentivesQALYs

Identifiers

PMID34436714

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.