ReviewInternational immunology2021
Mucosal vaccines: wisdom from now and then.
Review in International immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.Nature · 2025Review
- Distinct humoral responses induced by heterologous versus homologous prime-boost immunization strategies in early life.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Oral Administration of Zinc Sulfate with Intramuscular Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Enhances Mucosal and Systemic Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Chicken Secondary Lymphoid Tissues-Structure and Relevance in Immunological Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Vaccine targeting to mucosal lymphoid tissues promotes humoral immunity in the gastrointestinal tract.Science advances · 2024Article
- Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- An experimental chimeric hepatitis E virus vaccine elicits both local and systemic immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Biotechnologically Engineered Plants.Biology · 2023Review
- Current Advances of Plant-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Progress of polymer-based strategies in fungal disease management: Designed for different roles.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Tolerance of Human Fibroblasts to Benfo-Oxythiamine In Vitro.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The adjuvants dmLT and mmCT enhance humoral immune responses to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine after both parenteral or mucosal immunization of neonatal mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Activation of mucosal immunity as a novel therapeutic strategy for combating brucellosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The oral and nasal cavities are covered by the mucosal epithelium that starts at the beginning of the aero-digestive tract. These mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to environmental antigens including pathogens and allergens and are thus equipped with a mucosal immune system that mediates initial recognition of pathogenicity and initiates pathogen-specific immune responses. At the dawn of our scientific effort to explore the mucosal immune system, dental science was one of the major driving forces as it provided insights into the importance of mucosal immunity and its application for the control of oral infectious diseases. The development of mucosal vaccines for the prevention of dental caries was thus part of a novel approach that contributed to building the scientific foundations of the mucosal immune system. Since then, mucosal immunology and vaccines have gone on a scientific journey to become one of the major entities within the discipline of immunology. Here, we introduce our past and current efforts and future directions for the development of mucosal vaccines, specifically a rice-based oral vaccine (MucoRice) and a nanogel-based nasal vaccine, with the aim of preventing and controlling gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious diseases using the interdisciplinary fusion of mucosal immunology with agricultural science and biomaterial engineering, respectively.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.