ReviewJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Connecting the Dots: Interplay of Pathogenic Mechanisms between COVID-19 Disease and Mucormycosis.
Review in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The outcome and the risk factors of mucormycosis among patients with hematological diseases: a systematic and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Computed Tomography Findings in Pathology-Confirmed Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis During the COVID-19 Era: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Mucormycosis Pathogenesis: Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immune Evasion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of Thymus vulgaris ethanol extract: a computational screening for antimicrobial compounds against COVID-19 induced mucormycosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mucormycosis and COVID-19: Unraveling the Interplay of Fungal Infection in a Global Health Crisis: An Overview.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Association of COVID with Mycosis in General.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- AlternativeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Is mucormycosis the end? A comprehensive management of orbit in COVID associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: preserving the salvageable.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Article
- Potential inhibitory activity of phytoconstituents against black fungus:Computational toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Current treatments against mucormycosis and future directions.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Mucormycosis in pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 era: A study of prevalence, risk factors and clinical features.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2022Article
- COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis: A clinico-epidemiological study.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Observational
- Article
- First Molecular Identification of Three Clinical Isolates of Fungi Causing Mucormycosis in Honduras.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
- Resolving the equation between mucormycosis and COVID-19 disease.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Therapeutic potential of induced iron depletion using iron chelators in Covid-19.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Targeted Delivery of Antifungal Liposomes toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an emerging threat globally, especially in India. More than 40,000 CAM cases have been reported in India. The emergence of CAM cases in India has been attributed to environmental, host, and iatrogenic factors. Mucorales spore burden has been reported globally; however, their presence is higher in tropical countries such as India, contributing to the emergence of CAM. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with diabetes mellitus, haematological malignancies, solid organ transplants, corticosteroid therapy and neutropenia were more prone to mucormycosis, whereas in COVID-19 patients, virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycaemia, and immune dysfunction following corticosteroid use increase the risk of acquiring mucormycosis. The interaction of Mucorales spores with the epithelial cells, followed by endothelial invasion, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Endothelial damage and increased endothelial receptor expression induced by COVID-19 infection may predispose patients to CAM. COVID-19 infection may directly induce hyperglycaemia by damaging beta cells of the pancreas or by corticosteroid therapy, which may contribute to CAM pathogenesis. Iron acquisition from the host, especially in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or deferoxamine therapy, is an important virulence trait of Mucorales. Similarly, the hyperferritinaemia caused by COVID-19 may act as a source of iron for Mucorales growth and invasion. In addition, corticosteroid treatment reduces or abolishes the innate immune functions of phagocytic cells contributing to the pathogenesis of CAM. This review aims to discuss primarily the host and iatrogenic factors shared between COVID-19 and mucormycosis that could explain the emergence of CAM.
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