ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States: A Multicenter Study From a Large Global Health Research Network (TriNetX).
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exit Meta-Analysis on the Effect of HIV on COVID-19 Mortality, Hospitalization, and ICU Admission.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Disparities in COVID-19 mortality amongst the immunosuppressed: A systematic review and meta-analysis for enhanced disease surveillance.The Journal of infection · 2024Pooled it
- HIV infection does not affect the risk of death of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of The Interaction Between HIV Infection And COVID-19: Two Years' Evidence Summary.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Chronic Hepatitis B and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes in the United States: A Multisite Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Associations between post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccination and HIV infection: a United States cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Perceptions of prevalence and management of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection among healthcare workers in Kweneng District, Botswana: Report of a district-wide survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among People with HIV in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Limited Efficacy of Empiric Antibiotics for Pediatric Facial Fractures.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2023Article
- Post-acute hospitalization and mortality of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir for COVID-19 survivors.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
- HIV and Associated Indicators of COVID-19 Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Cureus · 2023Review
- Technology Platforms and Approaches for Building and Evaluating Machine Learning Methods in Healthcare.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- A Systematic Review: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Morbidity, Mortality, and Viral Suppression in Patients Living With HIV.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- COVID-19 Outcomes in a US Cohort of Persons Living with HIV (PLWH).Reports (MDPI) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, Including People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is a presumed risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet little is known about COVID-19 outcomes in people with HIV (PWH).
methodsWe used the TriNetX database to compare COVID-19 outcomes of PWH and HIV-negative controls aged ≥18 years who sought care in 44 healthcare centers in the United States from January 1 to December 1, 2020. Outcomes of interest were rates of hospitalization (composite of inpatient non-intensive care [ICU] and ICU admissions), mechanical ventilation, severe disease (ICU admission or death), and 30-day mortality.
resultsOf 297 194 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 1638 (0.6%) were HIV-infected, with >83% on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 48% virally suppressed. Overall, PWH were more commonly younger, male, African American or Hispanic, had more comorbidities, were more symptomatic, and had elevated procalcitonin and interleukin 6. Mortality at 30 days was comparable between the 2 groups (2.9% vs 2.3%,
conclusionsPeople with HIV had higher rates of poor COVID-19 outcomes but were not more at risk of death than their non-HIV-infected counterparts. Older age and low CD4 count predicted adverse outcomes.
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