ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Mediated Lymphocytic and Giant Cell Myocarditis: Uncovering Etiological Mechanisms.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor induces systemic inflammation and alters cardiac lipid metabolism in C57BL/6 J mice.Human cell · 2026Article
- Case Report: Long-term survival in advanced PD-L1-high squamous cell lung cancer following severe immune-related cardiotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Cancer-Related Immune Therapies: Bidirectional Implications From Cardiotoxicity to Emerging Cardiovascular Therapeutics: JACC CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Good (Tumor Killing) and the Bad (Cardiovascular Complications) of Immunologic Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current cardiology reports · 2024Review
- Soluble Programmed Death-1 Predicts Clinical Outcome After STEMI.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of nivolumab-induced myocarditis.Investigational new drugs · 2024Article
- Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis.Circulation · 2024Article
- Immunopathogenesis and immunomodulatory therapy for myocarditis.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Expansion of Disease Specific Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Keeping the Failing Heart in Check: Can Modulating Immune Checkpoints Promote Myocardial Recovery?JACC. Basic to translational science · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Therapies and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Review
- Overcoming the cardiac toxicities of cancer therapy immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- The role of immune checkpoints in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Cardiac Computed Tomography in Cardio-Oncology:JACC. CardioOncology · 2021Review
- Fulminant Giant Cell Myocarditis vs. Lymphocytic Myocarditis: A Comparison of Their Clinical Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the field of oncology, but these are associated with immune related adverse events. One such adverse event, is myocarditis, which has limited the continued immunosuppressive treatment options in patients afflicted by the disease. Pre-clinical and clinical data have found that specific ICI targets and precipitate distinct myocardial infiltrates, consistent with lymphocytic or giant cell myocarditis. Specifically, it has been reported that CTLA-4 inhibition preferentially results in giant cell myocarditis with a predominately CD4+ T cell infiltrate and PD-1 inhibition leads to lymphocytic myocarditis, with a predominately CD8+ T cell infiltrate. Our manuscript discusses the latest literature surrounding ICI pathways and targets, while detailing proposed mechanisms behind ICI mediated myocarditis.
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Registered trials
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