ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- First trimester maternal infections and offspring congenital heart defects: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- The burden and outcomes of vaccine-preventable infections among adult congenital heart disease patients: a nationwide analysis.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Isolated ventricular septal defect is not a risk factor for celiac disease: evidence from a large real-world data cohort of 493,382 children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Role of Immune Markers in Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Review
- Advancing Congenital Heart Defect Treatments: Synergistic Approaches with Stem Cells and Functional Scaffolds.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Brevundimonas vesicularis sepsis in a 2-month-old infant in rural Gambia: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Combined Cardiac Arrhythmias Leading to Electrical Chaos Developed in the Convalescent Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Children With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery in the Presence or Absence of COVID-19 Infection During the Pandemic.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Current and future diagnostics of congenital heart disease (CHD).Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2025Article
- Perioperative Hyper-coagulation and Thrombosis: Cost Analysis After Congenital Heart Surgery.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Pre-Transplant Immunophenotyping in Pediatric Heart Transplant: A Role for the Immunologist?Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- CBP/CREB Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes by Interacting With SERCA.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Multi-Organ Transplantation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Navigating the Unique Challenges of a Distinct Patient Population.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2025Review
- High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mass Cytometry Demonstrates Differential Platelet Functional Phenotypes in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Article
- Development of Novel 3D Spheroids for Discrete Subaortic Stenosis.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2024Article
- Shear Stress Induces a Time-Dependent Inflammatory Response in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Severe Features of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Association of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width with Poor Outcome in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery - A Retrospective Observational Study.Annals of cardiac anaesthesia · 2024Observational
- Acquired Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccines in the Pediatric Population: A Focus on Cardiac Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) poses a significant global health and economic burden-despite advances in treating CHD reducing the mortality risk, globally CHD accounts for approximately 300,000 deaths yearly. Children with CHD experience both acute and chronic cardiac complications, and though treatment options have improved, some remain extremely invasive. A challenge in addressing these morbidity and mortality risks is that little is known regarding the cause of many CHDs and current evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology. Some studies implicate an immune contribution to CHD development; however, the role of the immune system is not well-understood. Defining the role of the immune and inflammatory responses in CHD therefore holds promise in elucidating mechanisms underlying these disorders and improving upon current diagnostic and treatment options. In this review, we address the current knowledge coinciding CHDs with immune and inflammatory associations, emphasizing conditions where this understanding would provide clinical benefit, and challenges in studying these mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.