Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34434175›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2021

Utilizing Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Erin Milner, Benjamin Stevens, Martino An, Victoria Lam, Michael Ainsworth, Preston Dihle, Jocelyn Stearns, Andrew Dombrowski, Daniel Rego, Katharine Segars

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Gut microbes
    Trial
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Gut microbes · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. The effects of fermentedFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Antagonistic Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2024
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Erin MilnerDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Benjamin StevensDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Martino AnDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Victoria LamDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Michael AinsworthDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Preston DihleDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Jocelyn StearnsDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Andrew DombrowskiDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Daniel RegoDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.
Katharine SegarsDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Probiotics are heavily advertised to promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract and boost the immune system. This review article summarizes the history and diversity of probiotics, outlines conventional

Indexed as

food microbiologyprobiotic culturesprobiotic microbiologyprobiotic pharmacologyprobioticsprobiotic treatment of gastrointestinal disease

Identifiers

PMID34434175
PMCPMC8381467

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.