ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2021
mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 777 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
777 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-based monovalent influenza vaccine: Results from a phase 1, randomized, dose-escalation study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administered to adults: A phase 2, randomized, active-controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Antigen anisotropy: The overlooked geometric determinant of vaccine immunogenicity and fidelity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Mumps resurgence despite MMR: Limitations of current vaccines and the need for new strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Stimuli-responsive structural transformation of adaptive peptide nanomaterials toward biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines: current status, challenges and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Recoding by NNature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ligand-Mediated Reprogramming Redirects Liver-Tropic Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for Lung-Selective mRNA Delivery.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery to the retina restores REP1 function in choroideremia.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Exploring Conformational Transitions of Adenine RNA Dimer via Machine Learning Potentials.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2026Article
- Cross-Serotype Protection of a PstS-YidR Fusion mRNA Vaccine Against Systemic Infection and Endogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by HypervirulentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preparation of targeted lipid nanoparticles for precision nucleic acid delivery.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Kinetically Controlled Assembly of Janus-Structured Nanobubble-Lipid Nanoparticles via Ultrasonic Micromixing.Chem & bio engineering · 2026Article
717 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past several decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a scepticism-inducing idea to clinical reality. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed the most rapid vaccine development in history, with mRNA vaccines at the forefront of those efforts. Although it is now clear that mRNA vaccines can rapidly and safely protect patients from infectious disease, additional research is required to optimize mRNA design, intracellular delivery and applications beyond SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis. In this Review, we describe the technologies that underlie mRNA vaccines, with an emphasis on lipid nanoparticles and other non-viral delivery vehicles. We also overview the pipeline of mRNA vaccines against various infectious disease pathogens and discuss key questions for the future application of this breakthrough vaccine platform.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.