ArticleScientific reports2021
Salivary cytokine profile in patients with ischemic stroke.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential of Saliva in Stroke Patients: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Salivary chemokines and growth factors in patients with ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The screening assessment of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in saliva of patients with ischemic stroke.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Immune Dysregulation in the Oral Cavity during Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Body fluids biomarkers associated with prognosis of acute ischemic stroke: progress and prospects.Future science OA · 2024Review
- Pro-Inflammatory Adipokine and Cytokine Profiles in the Saliva of Obese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Association Between Salivary Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors and Salivary Gland Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Salivary IL-6 Concentration Is Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Older Individuals.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Oxidation, Glycation, and Carbamylation of Salivary Biomolecules in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly: Can Saliva Be Used in the Assessment of Aging?Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Could inflammation contribute to salivary gland dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Salivary Xanthine Oxidase as a Potential Biomarker in Stroke Diagnostics.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Diagnostic biomarkers of ischemic stroke: strengths and limitations across blood, urine, and saliva.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in stroke pathogenesis. Thus, it is not surprising that cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors have been advocated in stroke diagnostics. Our study is the first to evaluate the salivary cytokine profile in patients with ischemic stroke. Twenty-five patients with subacute ischemic stroke and an age-, sex-, and oral hygiene status-matched control group were enrolled in the study. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9). Salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were assessed using an ELISA method. We showed that salivary TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher, whereas IL-10 content was statistically lower in both non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of ischemic stroke patients. However, evaluation of cytokines in NWS rather than in SWS may be of greater diagnostic value. Of particular note is salivary TNF-α, which may indicate cognitive/physical impairment in post-stroke individuals. This parameter distinguishes stroke patients from healthy controls and correlates with cognitive decline and severity of functional impairment. It also differentiates (with high sensitivity and specificity) stroke patients with normal cognition from mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Saliva may be an alternative to blood for assessing cytokines in stroke patients, although further studies on a larger patient population are needed.
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