Trial reportBMJ open2021
eHBB: a randomised controlled trial of virtual reality or video for neonatal resuscitation refresher training in healthcare workers in resource-scarce settings.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06956833 (Self-Guided Versus Facilitator-Guided Debriefing in Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Self-Guided Versus Facilitator-Guided Debriefing in Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial As-sessing Teamwork Skills in Medical Students
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Integration of Virtual and Augmented Reality Into Obstetric Nursing and Midwifery Education: Systematic Review.JMIR nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Low-cost, Technology-enhanced Simulation Training for Healthcare Training in Low-and Middle-income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Healthcare Professionals Training: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- Facilitator-guided vs self-guided debriefing in immersive virtual reality paediatric emergency training: a randomised pilot study on learning outcomes and feasibility.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Progress Toward the Health-Related Sustainable Development Goals: A Case Study of the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH).Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Simulation Training as a Supplement to Traditional Simulation Training for Improving Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Among Doctors and Nurses in Denmark: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Web-based versus simulation-based refresher training in newborn life support: A randomized multicenter noninferiority controlled trial.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Midwifery students' and teachers' perceptions and needs regarding Extended Reality (XR) in educational training and its potential role in anxiety-related learning contexts.European journal of midwifery · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Helping Babies Breathe programme in Migori County, Kenya.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Immersive virtual reality training: Addressing challenges and unlocking potentials.Medical education · 2025Article
- Digital Health Interventions in Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- A pilot study of a virtual reality-based simulation platform for Neonatal Resuscitation Program training.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Essential Newborn Care Virtual Simulations for Skills Retention in Newborn Care.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of educational interventions on the competence of nurses and midwives in neonatal resuscitation in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- In-Person Versus Online Training in Simulations of Helping Babies Breathe: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Cureus · 2024Article
- Use of digital technologies for staff education and training programmes on newborn resuscitation and complication management: a scoping review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of an Educational Clinical Video Combined with Standard Helping Babies Breathe Training on Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge and Skills among Ethiopian Midwives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Virtual simulations for neonatal education.Seminars in perinatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the impact of mobile virtual reality (VR) simulations using electronic Helping Babies Breathe (eHBB) or video for the maintenance of neonatal resuscitation skills in healthcare workers in resource-scarce settings.
designRandomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up (2018-2020).
settingSecondary and tertiary healthcare facilities.
participants274 nurses and midwives assigned to labour and delivery, operating room and newborn care units were recruited from 20 healthcare facilities in Nigeria and Kenya and randomised to one of three groups: VR (eHBB+digital guide), video (video+digital guide) or control (digital guide only) groups before an in-person HBB course.
interventionseHBB VR simulation or neonatal resuscitation video. MAIN OUTCOMES: Healthcare worker neonatal resuscitation skills using standardised checklists in a simulated setting at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months.
resultsNeonatal resuscitation skills pass rates were similar among the groups at 6-month follow-up for bag-and-mask ventilation (BMV) skills check (VR 28%, video 25%, control 22%, p=0.71), objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) A (VR 76%, video 76%, control 72%, p=0.78) and OSCE B (VR 62%, video 60%, control 49%, p=0.18). Relative to the immediate postcourse assessments, there was greater retention of BMV skills at 6 months in the VR group (-15% VR, p=0.10; -21% video, p<0.01, -27% control, p=0.001). OSCE B pass rates in the VR group were numerically higher at 3 months (+4%, p=0.64) and 6 months (+3%, p=0.74) and lower in the video (-21% at 3 months, p<0.001; -14% at 6 months, p=0.066) and control groups (-7% at 3 months, p=0.43; -14% at 6 months, p=0.10). On follow-up survey, 95% (n=65) of respondents in the VR group and 98% (n=82) in the video group would use their assigned intervention again.
conclusioneHBB VR training was highly acceptable to healthcare workers in low-income to middle-income countries and may provide additional support for neonatal resuscitation skills retention compared with other digital interventions.
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