ArticleScience advances2021
Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe.
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52 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Reconstruction of the lifeways of Central European Late Bronze Age communities using ancient DNA, isotope and osteoarchaeological analyses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Autosomal ancestry and male founder events explain variation in male height across 60 Caucasian populations.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Global patterns of natural selection inferred using ancient DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tracing social mechanisms and interregional connections in Early Bronze Age Societies in Lower Austria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Was descent in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe patrilineal or bilateral?Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Genomic insights from a final Bronze Age community buried in a collective tumulus in an Urnfield settlement in Northeastern Iberia.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Corded Ware and Bell Beaker burial rituals reveals complex dynamics divergent from steppe ancestry.Science advances · 2025Article
- The genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Genomic diversity and structure of prehistoric alpine individuals from the Tyrolean Iceman's territory.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ancient DNA reveals diverse community organizations in the 5th millennium BCE Carpathian Basin.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Urbanization and genetic homogenization in the medieval Low Countries revealed through a ten-century paleogenomic study of the city of Sint-Truiden.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Performance of qpAdm-based screens for genetic admixture on graph-shaped histories and stepping stone landscapes.Genetics · 2025Article
- Tree-ring stable isotopes from the European Alps reveal long-term summer drying over the Holocene.Science advances · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
43 authors.
Luka PapacDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. haak@shh.mpg.de papac@shh.mpg.de.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2012-0782
Michal ErnéeInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-8532
Miroslav DobešInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-5030
Michaela LangováInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-9010
Adam B RohrlachDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-5018
Franziska AronDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-8612
Gunnar U NeumannDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3825-8536
Maria A SpyrouDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Nadin RohlandDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Petr VelemínskýDepartment of Anthropology, The National Museum, Prague, Cirkusová 1740, Prague 9, Horní Počernice, CZ 193 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-7817
Martin KunaInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-8387
Hana BrzobohatáInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-6402
Brendan CulletonInstitutes of Energy and the Environments, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-9531
David DaněčekInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-8774
Alžběta DanielisováInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1918-7130
Miluše DobisíkováDepartment of Anthropology, The National Museum, Prague, Cirkusová 1740, Prague 9, Horní Počernice, CZ 193 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-3291
Josef HložekInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.
Douglas J KennettDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-7365
Jana KlementováCentral Bohemian Museum in Roztoky u Prahy, Zámek 1, Roztoky, CZ 252 63, Czech Republic.
Michal KostkaThe City of Prague Museum, Kožná 1/475, Prague 1, CZ 110 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0525-1816
Petr KrištufDepartment of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Sedláčkova 38, Pilsen, CZ 301 00, Czech Republic.
Milan KuchaříkLabrys o.p.s., Hloubětínská 16/11, Prague 9, CZ 198 00, Czech Republic.
Jana Kuljavceva HlavováInstitute of Preservation of Archaeological Heritage of Northwest Bohemia, Jana Žižky 835, Most, CZ 434 01, Czech Republic.
Petr LimburskýInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-5074
Drahomíra MalykováInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.
Lucia MattielloCentral Bohemian Archaeological Heritage Institute, Nad Olšinami 3/448, Prague 10, CZ 100 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-1295
Monika PecinovskáInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.
Katarína PetriščákováThe City of Prague Museum, Kožná 1/475, Prague 1, CZ 110 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-4023
Erika PrůchováInstitute of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Petra StránskáInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.
Lubor SmejtekCentral Bohemian Archaeological Heritage Institute, Nad Olšinami 3/448, Prague 10, CZ 100 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-2063
Jaroslav ŠpačekThe Municipal Museum in Čelákovice (formerly), Komenského 1646, Čelákovice, CZ 250 88, Czech Republic (private).
Radka ŠumberováInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-8433
Ondřej ŠvejcarInstitute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Letenská 4, Prague 1, CZ 118 01, Czech Republic.
Martin TrefnýFriedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nürnberg, Kochstrasse 4/18, DE 91054 Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-1886
Miloš VávraCentral Bohemian Archaeological Heritage Institute, Nad Olšinami 3/448, Prague 10, CZ 100 00, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-7409
Jan KolářDepartment of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-6992
Volker HeydDepartment of Cultures/Archaeology, P.O. Box 59, Unioninkatu 38, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Johannes KrauseDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-3920
Ron PinhasiDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-8131
David ReichDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5292
Stephan SchiffelsDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-9150
Wolfgang HaakDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. haak@shh.mpg.de papac@shh.mpg.de.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-2007
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Europe's prehistory oversaw dynamic and complex interactions of diverse societies, hitherto unexplored at detailed regional scales. Studying 271 human genomes dated ~4900 to 1600 BCE from the European heartland, Bohemia, we reveal unprecedented genetic changes and social processes. Major migrations preceded the arrival of "steppe" ancestry, and at ~2800 BCE, three genetically and culturally differentiated groups coexisted. Corded Ware appeared by 2900 BCE, were initially genetically diverse, did not derive all steppe ancestry from known Yamnaya, and assimilated females of diverse backgrounds. Both Corded Ware and Bell Beaker groups underwent dynamic changes, involving sharp reductions and complete replacements of Y-chromosomal diversity at ~2600 and ~2400 BCE, respectively, the latter accompanied by increased Neolithic-like ancestry. The Bronze Age saw new social organization emerge amid a ≥40% population turnover.
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