ArticleBMC cancer2021
Causes of death and effect of non-cancer-specific death on rates of overall survival in adult classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a populated-based competing risk analysis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac-specific mortality prediction in adolescents and young adults with classical hodgkin lymphoma: a nomogram development and validation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prognostic Significance of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk among Long-term Survivors of Different Hodgkin Lymphoma Types.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiology characteristics and clinical outcomes of composite Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using machine learning.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Prognostic performance of examined lymph nodes, lymph node ratio, and positive lymph nodes in gastric cancer: a competing risk model study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Insights into the Gene Expression Profile of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study towards Discovery of Novel Therapeutic Targets.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Survival trend and outcome prediction for pediatric Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on machine learning.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Overall survival and causes of death in elderly patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a Norwegian population-based case-control study.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Hodgkin lymphoma treatment for older persons in the modern era.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2023Article
- Cause of death during nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivorship: a population-based analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe improved prognosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has been accompanied by elevated risks of non-cancer-specific death (non-CSD). The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of non-CSD and its effect on rates of overall survival among adult patients with cHL.
methodsTo ensure sufficient follow-up time, we analyzed retrospective data from patients aged ≥20 years with cHL that was diagnosed between 1983 and 2005 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the non-CSD occurrence in relation to all factors. Using Fine-Gray's method, we calculated the cumulative incidences of CSD and non-CSD. Stacked cumulative incidence plots and ratio of non-CSD to all causes of death were applied to evaluate the effect of non-CSD on rates of overall survival. Finally, we analyzed long-term mortality through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and competing risk regression analysis to emphasize a more appropriate model of survival for patients with cHL.
resultsAmong the 18,518 patients included, there were 3768 cases of CSD (20.3%) and 3217 of non-CSD (17.4%). Older age, earlier period, male sex, unmarried status, mixed cellularity (MC) and lymphocyte-depletion (LD) histological subtype, and patients received radiotherapy (RT) only were associated with more non-CSD according to binary logistic analysis. The cumulative incidence of non-CSD exceeded CSD after approximately 280 months follow-up. The most common causes of non-CSDs were cardiovascular disease, subsequent primary neoplasms, infectious diseases, accidents, and suicide. In a Cox proportional hazards model, patients who were black, unmarried, at an advanced stage or underwent chemotherapy (CT) alone were at greater risk of mortality than were white patients, who were married, at an early stage, and underwent combined modality; these populations were also found to be at greater risk for CSD in a competing risk model, but the risk of non-CSD did not differ significantly according to race and marital status, patients with early-stage disease and who underwent RT only were found to be at higher risk of non-CSD instead.
conclusionsLymphoma was the cause of death in most patients who died, but non-CSD was not unusual. Patients with cHL should be monitored closely for signs of cardiovascular disease and malignant tumors. Rates of overall survival of patients were diminished by non-CSD, and a competing risk model was more suitable for establishing the prognosis than was the Cox proportional hazards model.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.