Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34433427›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2021

The influence of a gluten-free diet on health-related quality of life in individuals with celiac disease.

Fahdah F Al-Sunaid, Maha M Al-Homidi, Rawan M Al-Qahtani, Reema A Al-Ashwal, Ghada A Mudhish, Mahitab A Hanbazaza, Abeer S Al-Zaben

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Novel probiotic preparation withMicrobiology spectrum · 2024
    Trial
  3. Beyond gluten-free diet: Novel therapeutic frontiers in celiac disease armamentarium.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. New therapies in celiac disease.Current opinion in gastroenterology · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Dietary assessments in individuals living with coeliac disease: key considerations.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Physical and psychological symptoms and survey importance in celiac disease.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Investigation of cost and availability of gluten-free food in Jeddah, KSA.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Fahdah F Al-SunaidClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Maha M Al-HomidiClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Rawan M Al-QahtaniClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Reema A Al-AshwalClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ghada A MudhishClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mahitab A HanbazazaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abeer S Al-ZabenClinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. abalzaben@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and food insecurity (FI) may influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to a GFD, FI, and HRQOL in individuals with CD.

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 97 adults (mean age: 34 ± 9 years) diagnosed with CD. The participants were on a GFD for more than 6 months. Sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were assessed. Adherence to a GFD, FI, and HRQOL were assessed using validated questionnaires.

resultsMost participants (73%) adhered to a GFD, and 62% were experiencing FI. Individuals with CD faced difficulty in accessing GF foods due to the high cost (90%) and limited availability (79%). The mean overall HRQOL score was 60. Scores on the physical and mental health domains were 69 and 47, respectively. Adherence to a GFD was significantly associated with FI (P = 0.02), while there was no association between adherence to a GFD and HRQOL measures (P > 0.05). Participants facing FI had lower scores in emotional well-being and mental health domains, and overall HRQOL (P < 0.05).

conclusionsThe findings of the present study demonstrate that FI influences adherence to a GFD, and that FI is associated with HRQOL in terms of both emotional well-being and mental health.

Indexed as

Celiac DiseaseQuality of LifeAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDiet, Gluten-FreeHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesCeliac diseaseFood insecurityGluten-free dietHealth-related quality of life

Identifiers

PMID34433427
PMCPMC8390240

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.