ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Coordinated action of multiple transporters in the acquisition of essential cationic amino acids by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by the mosquito vector.Nature communications · 2026Article
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- A two-membrane gateway for monocarboxylates couples host glycolysis tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Anti-Toxoplasma activity of NBMPR is mediated through the inhibition of nucleoside and nucleobase transporters.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission ofResearch square · 2026Article
- Transporters, an important but poorly studied area of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Plasmodium vivax apicomplexan amino acid transporter 8 (PvApiAT8) in the cationic amino acid transport.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adaptations and metabolic evolution of myzozoan protists across diverse lifestyles and environments.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- An endoplasmic reticulum localized acetyl-CoA transporter is required for efficient fatty acid synthesis inOpen biology · 2024Article
- Article
- The intersection of hostMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Do Amino Acid Antiporters Have Asymmetric Substrate Specificity?Biomolecules · 2023Article
- A Coccidia-Specific Phosphate Transporter Is Essential for the Growth of Toxoplasma gondii Parasites.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Toxoplasma metabolic flexibility in different growth conditions.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Characterization of Apicomplexan Amino Acid Transporters (ApiATs) in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.mSphere · 2021Article
- An Uninvited Seat at the Dinner Table: How Apicomplexan Parasites Scavenge Nutrients from the Host.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Substrate-mediated regulation of the arginine transporter of Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Untargeted Metabolomics Uncovers the Essential Lysine Transporter inMetabolites · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intracellular parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa are dependent on the scavenging of essential amino acids from their hosts. We previously identified a large family of apicomplexan-specific plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters, the ApiATs, and showed that the Toxoplasma gondii transporter TgApiAT1 functions in the selective uptake of arginine. TgApiAT1 is essential for parasite virulence, but dispensable for parasite growth in medium containing high concentrations of arginine, indicating the presence of at least one other arginine transporter. Here we identify TgApiAT6-1 as the second arginine transporter. Using a combination of parasite assays and heterologous characterisation of TgApiAT6-1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we demonstrate that TgApiAT6-1 is a general cationic amino acid transporter that mediates both the high-affinity uptake of lysine and the low-affinity uptake of arginine. TgApiAT6-1 is the primary lysine transporter in the disease-causing tachyzoite stage of T. gondii and is essential for parasite proliferation. We demonstrate that the uptake of cationic amino acids by TgApiAT6-1 is 'trans-stimulated' by cationic and neutral amino acids and is likely promoted by an inwardly negative membrane potential. These findings demonstrate that T. gondii has evolved overlapping transport mechanisms for the uptake of essential cationic amino acids, and we draw together our findings into a comprehensive model that highlights the finely-tuned, regulated processes that mediate cationic amino acid scavenging by these intracellular parasites.
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