ReviewJournal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO2021
Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update.
Review in Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology - hearing loss in children - Part II - Treatment.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyGuideline
- Regional Impedance Patterns in Cochlear Implantation: Influence of Demographic and Early Activation.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Optical induction of auditory perception via cochlear stimulation in Mongolian gerbils without genetic modification.iScience · 2026Article
- Perspectives of audiologists in China on artificial intelligence in clinical practice and professional identity: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Cochlear implantation in children with congenital inner ear anomalies: challenges and outcomes.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Etiology-Driven Personalized Cochlear Implantation: Implications for Electrode Choice, Timing, and Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-Level Perception Systems in Fusion of Lifeforms: Classification, Challenges and Future Conceptions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Speech recognition performance with dual-microphone audio processors in mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Treating Hearing Loss: From Cochlear Implantation to Gene Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The auditory nerve implant-concept and device description of a novel electrical auditory prosthesis.Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- A deep learning framework for understanding cochlear implants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Chronic Auditory-Nerve Implant Enhances Brainstem Phase Locking to Electric Pulse Trains.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2025Article
- Review
- Personalizing Cochlear Implant Care in Single-Sided Deafness: A Distinct Paradigm from Bilateral Hearing Loss.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Gene Therapy vs Cochlear Implantation in Restoring Hearing Function and Speech Perception for Individuals With Congenital Deafness.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- A comparison of electrophysiological measures for characterizing the cochlear-implant electrode-neuron interface.JASA express letters · 2025Article
- The rise of cochlear gene therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Advancing precision ear medicine: leveraging animal models for disease insights and therapeutic innovations.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Applications and Challenges of Auditory Brain-Computer Interfaces in Objective Auditory Assessments for Pediatric Cochlear Implants.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Pulse timing dominates binaural hearing with cochlear implants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CIs) are the world's most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The review focuses on the processing, stimulation, and audiological methods that have been used to try to improve speech perception by human CI listeners, and on fundamental new insights in the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise reduction and pre-processing algorithms has produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focusing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) deactivation of subsets of electrodes have produced more modest improvements. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of promising technologies that are currently being developed in animal models, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.