ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2021
Immunosuppressive network promotes immunosenescence associated with aging and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Exercise-induced changes in circulatory aging-related biomarkers among older adults: longitudinal analysis of a multi-stage randomized clinical trial.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Orchestrating the pre-metastatic niche: roles of stromal mediators and immune cells in metastatic progression and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- ScRNA profiling of peripheral blood in kidney transplant recipients across rejection responses and treatments.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Aging-associated transcriptional programs in T cells signify constituents of TGF-β signaling for immunosenescence.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of the TLR4/RAGE pathway by clearance of extracellular HMGB1 is a potential therapeutic target for radiation-damaged salivary glands.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Activation of cGAS-STING signaling in senescent cells promotes the aging process by remodeling the functions of the immune system.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Intestinal reengineering: Scientific advances in intestinal transplantation.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- Current strategies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches for overcoming immune resistance in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The functional competence of the immune system gradually declines with aging, a process called immunosenescence. The age-related remodelling of the immune system affects both adaptive and innate immunity. In particular, a chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflammaging, is associated with the aging process. Immunosenescence not only is present in inflammaging state, but it also occurs in several pathological conditions in conjunction with chronic inflammation. It is known that persistent inflammation stimulates a counteracting compensatory immunosuppression intended to protect host tissues. Inflammatory mediators enhance myelopoiesis and induce the generation of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) which in mutual cooperation stimulates the immunosuppressive network. Immunosuppressive cells, especially MDSCs, regulatory T cells (Treg), and M2 macrophages produce immunosuppressive factors, e.g., TGF-β, IL-10, ROS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which suppress the functions of CD4/CD8T and B cells as well as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells. The immunosuppressive armament (i) inhibits the development and proliferation of immune cells, (ii) decreases the cytotoxic activity of CD8T and NK cells, (iii) prevents antigen presentation and antibody production, and (iv) suppresses responsiveness to inflammatory mediators. These phenotypes are the hallmarks of immunosenescence. Immunosuppressive factors are able to control the chromatin landscape, and thus, it seems that the immunosenescence state is epigenetically regulated.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.