ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2021
The Five Ds of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship for Urinary Tract Infections.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07246837 (A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Diagnostic Stewardship Intervention to Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Use for Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Diagnostic Stewardship Intervention to Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Use for Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Onabotulinum Toxin A-Led Urinary Tract Infections-Should we Safeguard? A Randomized Controlled Trial.International urogynecology journal · 2025Trial
- The PRECISE framework: a structured approach to antibiogram interpretation for antimicrobial optimization at the bedside.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- [Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: antibiotic-sparing approaches].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Dynamic CBME in action: rule-based digital case-based learning to evaluate antibiotic-stewardship reasoning in MBBS learners.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Appropriateness and Abuse of Antipyretics, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Antibiotics in Children and Adults.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Micro-hole Zone Technology as a new era in urinary drainage: a narrative review from bench to bedside.BMC urology · 2026Review
- Patterns and trends of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from urine cultures in Eritrea, 2010 - 2021: a secondary dataset analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Urine volatile organic compounds profiling via GC-IMS combined with machine learning: a powerful diagnostic and pathogen differentiation tool for urinary tract infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development and implementation of a nurse-led clinical decision support tool for urinary tract infection.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Rapid Identification ofRisk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Urinary tract infection in outpatients in Germany: a cross-sectional study of diagnostics and susceptibility testing in medical laboratories.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Test Smart, Treat Smart-using clinician feedback to adapt a catheter-associated urinary tract infection intervention for spinal cord injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Article
- [Recommendations from an antimicrobial stewardship program on the duration of antibiotic treatment: effectiveness of short-course regimens in the emergency department].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Profile of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in urinary tract infections: An analysis of 1117 hospitalized patients in Brazil.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria in the urine of females in their reproductive ages in the Tamale Teaching Hospital.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Urinary tract infection in adults: gaps in current guidelines - opinions from an international multidisciplinary panel and relevance to clinical practice.BMC proceedings · 2025Article
- Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hospitalized Patients: A Five-Year Surveillance in Italy.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Machine learning for the prediction of urosepsis using electronic health record data.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among the pediatric population attending outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting. Given rising rates of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, antibiotic stewardship is critically needed to improve outpatient antibiotic use, including in outpatient clinics (primary care and specialty clinics) and emergency departments. Outpatient clinics are in general a neglected practice area in antibiotic stewardship programs, yet most antibiotic use in the United States is in the outpatient setting. This article provides a comprehensive review of antibiotic stewardship strategies for outpatient UTI in the adult population, with a focus on the "five Ds" of stewardship for UTI, including right diagnosis, right drug, right dose, right duration, and de-escalation. Stewardship interventions that have shown success for improving prescribing for outpatient UTI are discussed, including diagnostic stewardship strategies, such as reflex urine cultures, computerized decision support systems, and modified reporting of urine culture results. Among the many challenges to achieving stewardship for UTI in the outpatient setting, some of the most important are diagnostic uncertainty, increasing antibiotic resistance, limitations of guidelines, and time constraints of stewardship personnel and front-line providers. This article presents a stewardship framework, built on current evidence and expert opinion, that clinicians can use to guide their own outpatient management of UTI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.