ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Racial Disparities in Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes After a Myocardial Infarction in Young or Middle-Aged Patients.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07032389 (Polypill Strategy for the Treatment of Patients After Acute Coronary Syndromes - A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Polypill Strategy for the Treatment of Patients After Acute Coronary Syndromes - A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care service utilization after stroke.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Pooled it
- Racial Differences in Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings From the ARIC Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Temporal trends and projected mortality of myocardial infarction and heart failure in the United States, 1999-2035: a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Racial disparities in incident and recurrent cardiovascular events: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Employment status as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Ethnic disparities in STEMI outcomes among older adults: a comparative study of bedouins and jews.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic and Sex Disparities in the Outcomes and Treatment of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Analysis From the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Fatigue, Stress, and Blood Pressure Medication Adherence by Race After Myocardial Infarction.The journal for nurse practitioners : JNP · 2023Article
- Outcomes of Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Admitted With Myocardial Infarction: Insights From National Inpatient Sample.JACC. CardioOncology · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Vascular Response to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Article
- Patient-level explainable machine learning to predict major adverse cardiovascular events from SPECT MPI and CCTA imaging.PloS one · 2023Article
- Racial Disparities in Hospitalization Among Patients Who Receive a Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Data Analytics of Electronic Medical Record to Study Racial Diversities in Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Treatment.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2022Article
- Nuclear Cardiology in Women and Underrepresented Minority Populations.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Black patients tend to develop coronary artery disease at a younger age than other groups. Previous data on racial disparities in outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) have been inconsistent and limited to older populations. Our objective was to investigate racial differences in the outcome of MI among young and middle-aged patients and the role played by socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical differences. Methods and Results We studied 313 participants (65% non-Hispanic Black) <61 years old hospitalized for confirmed type 1 MI at Emory-affiliated hospitals and followed them for 5 years. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate the association of race with a composite end point of recurrent MI, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular death after adjusting for demographic, socioeceonomic status, psychological, and clinical risk factors. The mean age was 50 years, and 50% were women. Compared with non-Black patients, Black patients had lower socioeconomic status and more clinical and psychosocial risk factors but less angiographic coronary artery disease. The 5-year incidence of cardiovascular events was higher in Black (35%) compared to non-Black patients (19%): hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6. Adjustment for socioeconomic status weakened the association (HR 1.3, 95% CI, 0.8-2.4) more than adjustment for clinical and psychological risk factors. A lower income explained 46% of the race-related disparity in outcome. Conclusions Among young and middle-aged adult survivors of an MI, Black patients have a 2-fold higher risk of adverse outcomes, which is largely driven by upstream socioeconomic factors rather than downstream psychological and clinical risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.