SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Recruitment of Black Adults into Cardiovascular Disease Trials.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Twenty-year trends in racial and ethnic enrollment in large diabetes randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Racial and ethnic disparities in arrhythmia care: A call for action.Heart rhythm · 2022Guideline
- Randomized Comparison of Online Motivational Themes in Clinical Trial Recruitment.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Psychotherapy vs Antidepressants for Depression in Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Effect of a Peer Health Coaching Intervention on Clinical Outcomes Among US Veterans With Cardiovascular Risks: The Vet-COACH Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Stroke Symptoms as a Surrogate in Stroke Primary Prevention Trials: The CREST Experience.Neurology · 2022Trial
- A/B design testing of a clinical trial recruitment website: A pilot study to enhance the enrollment of older adults.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Trial
- Racial Climate on Willingness to Participate in Clinical Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Enhancing representation in cardiovascular trials: Lessons from Lp(a)FRONTIERS EXPANSION in United States Black and Hispanic patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Understanding Motivation to Participate in Clinical Trials: Insights to Diversify Clinical Research Using Health Information National Trends Survey.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- How Sex and Race/Ethnicity Influence Interventional Cardiology Outcomes: What Do We Know?Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Centering Community Engagement in a Hypertension Clinical Trial: Strategies to Engage Rural Black Patients in the Southeastern Collaboration to Improve Blood Pressure Control.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Design and rationale of the community-led initiative on cardiovascular disease risk reduction among adults in Baltimore: The EngAGE with heart program.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- The B-SCancers · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Science of Diversity in Clinical Trials: Design and Goals of an American Heart Association Strategic Focused Research Network.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Using healthcare-affiliated apps to recruit typically underrepresented populations in a pregnancy cohort study in West Virginia.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Improving Representation of Underserved Populations in Cardiovascular Research.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- CONNECT Platform to Increase Diverse Engagement and Enrollment in Cardiovascular Clinical Research: Rationale, Design, and Lessons Learned in Early Implementation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Assessing the Fit of a Digitally Delivered National Diabetes Prevention Program Among Rural Living Adults: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Although disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease, Black adults remain underrepresented in clinical trials. The National Institutes of Health recommends that studies define goals for recruitment of underrepresented populations. However, the extent to which cardiovascular trials incorporate evidence-based recruitment strategies in their protocols is understudied. Methods and Results We systematically reviewed National Institutes of Health-funded cardiovascular clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2000 and 2019. Based on publicly available or requested protocols, we focused on enrollment of Black adults as well as the following recruitment strategies: community-based, electronic medical record-based, and provider-based recruitment. A total of 100 clinical trials focused on cardiovascular disease were included in our analysis, of which 62% had published protocols, and 46% of trials had enrolled populations that were <25% Black. In our analysis of available trial protocols, 21% of trials defined a recruitment target for underrepresented groups; however, only one study reported achieving its enrollment goal. While 13% of trial protocols referenced community-based recruitment strategies, 5% explicitly mentioned involving community members in the trial design process. Defining recruitment targets was associated with higher enrollment of Black participants. Conclusions Black adults are underrepresented in National Institutes of Health-funded cardiovascular trials, and the majority of these trials did not specify a Black enrollment target, did not meet targets, and largely did not report specific plans to enroll Black adults in their studies. Future interventions should target trial design and planning phases before study initiation to address these enrollment disparities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.