Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34430954›Full record

Observational studyThe lancet. Healthy longevity2021

Profile of humoral and cellular immune responses to single doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in residents and staff within residential care homes (VIVALDI): an observational study.

Gokhan Tut, Tara Lancaster, Maria Krutikov, Panagiota Sylla, David Bone, Nayandeep Kaur, Eliska Spalkova, Christopher Bentley, Umayr Amin, Azar T Jadir and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The lancet. Healthy longevity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Gokhan TutInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Tara LancasterInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Maria KrutikovUCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Panagiota SyllaInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
David BoneInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Nayandeep KaurInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Eliska SpalkovaInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Christopher BentleyInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Umayr AminInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Azar T JadirInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Samuel HulmeInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Megan S ButlerInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Morenike AyodeleInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Rachel BrutonInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Madhumita ShrotriUCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Borscha AzmiUCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Chris FullerUCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Aidan Irwin-SingerDepartment of Health and Social Care, London, UK.
Andrew HaywardHealth Data Research UK, London, UK.
Andrew CopasUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
Laura ShallcrossUCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Paul MossInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
University of Birmingham · GBUniversity College London · GBDepartment of Health and Social Care · GBHealth Data Research UK · GB

Funding

British Heart FoundationChief Scientist OfficeMedical Research Council MR/R011230/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 222907/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResidents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been prioritised for COVID-19 vaccination because of the high COVID-19 mortality in this population. Several countries have implemented an extended interval of up to 12 weeks between the first and second vaccine doses to increase population coverage of single-dose vaccination. We aimed to assess the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses following a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in LTCF residents and staff.

methodsFrom the LTCFs participating in the ongoing VIVALDI study (ISRCTN14447421), staff and residents who had received a first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 [tozinameran] or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), had pre-vaccination and post-vaccination blood samples (collected between Dec 11, 2020, and Feb 16, 2021), and could be linked to a pseudoidentifier in the COVID-19 Data Store were included in our cohort. Past infection with SARS-CoV-2 was defined on the basis of nucleocapsid-specific IgG antibodies being detected through a semiquantitative immunoassay, and participants who tested positive on this assay after but not before vaccination were excluded from the study. Processed blood samples were assessed for spike-specific immune responses, including spike-specific IgG antibody titres, T-cell responses to spike protein peptide mixes, and inhibition of ACE2 binding by spike protein from four variants of SARS-CoV-2 (the original strain as well as the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variants). Responses before and after vaccination were compared on the basis of age, previous infection status, role (staff or resident), and time since vaccination.

findingsOur cohort comprised 124 participants from 14 LTCFs: 89 (72%) staff (median age 48 years [IQR 35·5-56]) and 35 (28%) residents (87 years [77-90]). Blood samples were collected a median 40 days (IQR 25-47; range 6-52) after vaccination. 30 (24%) participants (18 [20%] staff and 12 [34%] residents) had serological evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants with previous infection had high antibody titres following vaccination that were independent of age (

interpretationHistory of SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the magnitude and quality of antibody response after a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in LTCF residents. Residents who are infection-naive have delayed antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine and should be considered for an early second dose where possible.

fundingUK Government Department of Health and Social Care.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesAdultAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2BNT162 VaccineChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansImmunity, CellularMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2BNT162 VaccineChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID34430954
PMCPMC8376213
OpenAlexW3193744815

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.