ArticleToxicon: X2021
Clinical management of snakebite envenoming: Future perspectives.
Article in Toxicon: X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational immunology in venom research: a systematic review of epitope prediction and validation approaches.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Pooled it
- Persistent spatial hotspots and socioeconomic inequalities of snakebite envenoming in Peru: A nationwide spatiotemporal analysis, 2010-2025.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting Key Enzymatic Snake Venom Proteins Using Repurposed Small Molecule Inhibitors: Emerging Adjuncts to Antivenom Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ethical considerations in decentralizing antivenom treatment in indigenous territories of the Brazilian Amazonia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluating the content quality and trustworthiness of snakebite envenomation videos on social media platforms: insights from TikTok and Bilibili.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Venom variation and the future of antivenom design: Integrating population venomics, evolutionary toxinology, and precision therapeutics.Toxicon: X · 2026Review
- Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intramuscular delivery of mRNA-encoded single-chain variable fragments prevents myotoxin II-induced skeletal muscle damage in a preclinical model.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Article
- Association between the 20-minute whole blood clotting test and fibrinogen concentrations in green pit viper envenomations in Bangkok.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Envenomation by Bothrops asper: Anesthetic Challenges.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical presentation and management of snakebite envenoming in northern Ghana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Snakebite cases and treatment outcomes in the Afar region, Ethiopia: a retrospective and prospective study approach.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- First-aid practices and pre-hospital care in paediatric snakebites.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Structural mechanisms behind the neutralisation of long-chain α-neurotoxins by broadly neutralising VCommunications chemistry · 2025Article
- Treatment and treatment outcomes of snakebite envenoming in Uganda: a retrospective analysis.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- Computational Strategies for Broad Spectrum Venom Phospholipase AJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics-Guided Identification and Quantification of Biomarkers of Crotalus atrox Envenoming and Its Neutralization by Antivenom.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in rural communities throughout the tropics. Generally, the main clinical features of snakebites are local swelling, tissue necrosis, shock, spontaneous systemic hemorrhage, incoagulable blood, paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury. These clinical manifestations result from complex biochemical venom constituents comprising of cytotoxins, hemotoxins, neurotoxins, myotoxins, and other substances. Timely diagnosis of envenoming and identification of the responsible snake species is clinically challenging in many parts of the world and necessitates prompt and thorough clinical assessment, which could be supported by the development of reliable, affordable, widely-accessible, point-of-care tests. Conventional antivenoms based on polyclonal antibodies derived from animals remain the mainstay of therapy along with supportive medical and surgical care. However, while antivenoms save countless lives, they are associated with adverse reactions, limited potency, and are relatively inefficacious against presynaptic neurotoxicity and in preventing necrosis. Nevertheless, major scientific and technological advances are facilitating the development of new molecular and immunologic diagnostic tests, as well as a new generation of antivenoms comprising human monoclonal antibodies with broader and more potent neutralization capacity and less immunogenicity. Repurposed pharmaceuticals based on small molecule inhibitors (e.g., marimastat and varespladib) used alone and in combination against enzymatic toxins, such as metalloproteases and phospholipase A
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.