ReviewWorld journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery2021
Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils.
Review in World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus infection and non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancers: an umbrella review of meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Pooled it
- An exploratory study of nimotuzumab combined with toripalimab and chemotherapy for locally advanced tonsillar cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Changes in the pharyngeal and nasal microbiota in pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Effect of nasal irrigation on microplastic clearance in children with adenoid hypertrophy, with or without otitis media with effusion.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Herpesvirus and Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy in Chinese Children: An Epidemiological and Clinical Analysis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into probiotic modulation of the gut-immune axis and their role as sustainable antibiotic alternatives in poultry production: An integrative review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Respiratory Organ-on-a-Chip for Disease Modeling: From Architecture to Functional Integration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Current status of intranasal and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- The Clinical Role of the Adenoid Microbiome in the Development of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Otitis Media with Effusion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of paediatric adenoid hypertrophy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Microbiome and its Association with Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Pharynx.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Review
- Morphometric and immunohistochemical reorganisation of the palatine tonsil in chronic tonsillitis and its response to combined ozone-ultrasound therapy.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- CBCT study of adenoid and nasopharyngeal airway in boys with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.Oral radiology · 2026Article
- Histopathology of nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils in Japanese black calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Laryngeal ectopic tonsillar tissue as a cause of dysphagia: a case report and literature review.Journal of surgical case reports · 2025Article
- Novel Findings on the Development and Immunological Functions of Palatine Tonsils.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Elicits Glycolytic Metabolism in Pediatric Upper and Lower Airways.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- How palatine tonsil grades shape the architecture of dental arches: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- [Current hypotheses on the development of chronic otitis media with effusion in childhood].HNO · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedures in these regions of the upper airway.
methodsA literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms tonsils, adenoids, anatomy, physiology, and adenotonsillectomy. Primary sources were excluded if they were abstracts only, non-English language, or non-human studies. Thirty-five sources were included in this review. RESULTS AND
conclusionsThe pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are compact yet physiologically complex mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues that make up a portion of Waldeyer's ring. As part of the mucosal immune system, these structures function in exogenous antigen sampling and stimulation of immune responses. Aberrant immune activation and/or regulation can lead to a myriad of pathologies, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis/adenoiditis, and recurrent otitis media among the most commonly encountered conditions by otolaryngologists. While the pathophysiology of these conditions is still incompletely understood, current evidence and future investigations may reveal patterns amenable to targeted medical management. When medical management fails, tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may be indicated for patient care. Though routine procedures, the execution of tonsil and/or adenoid removal requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of these lymphoepithelial organs so as to minimize the risk for rare serious complications that can occur.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.