ArticleSSM - population health2021
Are children in female-headed households at a disadvantage? An analysis of immunization coverage and stunting prevalence: in 95 low- and middle-income countries.
Article in SSM - population health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The world's longest running civil war and chronic childhood undernutrition in Myanmar: a propensity score matched analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Unveiling hidden heterogeneity and inequalities in the continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, and child health services in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel latent class analysis approach.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- Beyond air pollution: a national assessment of cooking-related burns in Ghana.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Determinants of incomplete immunization and factors for missed opportunities in urban Dhaka: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Determinants of child malnutrition and morbidity in Ethiopia: a structural equation modeling approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- High prevalence of zero-dose children in underserved and special setting populations in Ethiopia using a generalize estimating equation and concentration index analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Women's marital status and use of family planning services across male- and female-headed households in low- and middle-income countries.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Independent and cumulative effects of risk factors associated with stillbirths in 50 low- and middle-income countries: A multi-country cross-sectional study.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Paving the way to understanding female-headed households: Variation in household composition across 103 low- and middle-income countries.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Child stunting and associated risk factors in selected food-insecure areas in Rwanda: an analytical cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Time to Death and Its Determinants of Under-Five Children in Somaliland: Utilization of Cox Proportional Hazards Model.Sage open pediatricsArticle
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies of inequalities in child health have given limited attention to household structure and headship. The few existing reports on child outcomes in male and female-headed households have produced inconsistent results. The aim of our analyses was to provide a global view of the influence of sex of the household head on child health in cross-sectional surveys from up to 95 LMICs. Studied outcomes were full immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months and stunting prevalence in under-five children. We analyzed the most recent nationally-representative surveys for each country (since 2010) with available data. After initial exploratory analyses, we focused on three types of households: a) male-headed household (MHH) comprised 73.1% of all households in the pooled analyses; b) female Headed Household (FHH) with at least one adult male represented 9.8% of households; and c) FHH without an adult male accounted for 15.0% of households. Our analyses also included the following covariates: wealth index, education of the child's mother and urban/rural residence. Meta-analytic approaches were used to calculate pooled effects across the countries with MHH as the reference category. Regarding full immunization, the pooled prevalence ratio for FHH (any male) was 0.99 (0.97; 1.01) and that for FHH (no male) was 0.99 (0.97; 1.02). For stunting prevalence, the pooled prevalence ratio for FHH (any male) was 1.00 (0.98; 1.02) and for FHH (no male) was 1.00 (0.98; 1.02). Adjustment for covariates did not lead to any noteworthy change in the results. No particular patterns were found among different world regions. A few countries presented significant inequalities with different directions of association, indicating the diversity of FHH and how complex the meaning and measurement of household headship may be. Further research is warranted to understand context, examine mediating factors, and exploring alternative definitions of household headship in countries with some association.
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