ArticleRoyal Society open science2021
A model of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the alveolar epithelium.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Viruses · 2025Article
- Modeling insights into SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract infections prior to immune protection.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Aerosol Transport Modeling: The Key Link Between Lung Infections of Individuals and Populations.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We present a differential equation model of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 within the alveolar epithelium. Critical determinants of the viral dynamics and host response, including type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, interferons, chemokines, toxins and innate immune cells, are included. We estimate model parameters, compute the within-host basic reproductive number, and study the impacts of therapies, prophylactics, and host/pathogen variability on the course of the infection. Model simulations indicate that the innate immune response suppresses the infection and enables the alveolar epithelium to partially recover. While very robust antiviral therapy controls the infection and enables the epithelium to heal, moderate therapy is of limited benefit. Meanwhile interferon therapy is predicted to reduce viral load but exacerbate tissue damage. The deleterious effects of interferon therapy are especially apparent late in the infection. Individual variation in ACE2 expression, epithelial cell interferon production, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding affinity are predicted to significantly impact prognosis.
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Registered trials
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