ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Necroptosis Underlies Neutrophilic Inflammation Associated with the Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP).
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baicalein Attenuates Eosinophilic Rhinosinusitis by Suppressing ALOX15-Mediated M2 Macrophage Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Programmed Cell Death in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Review
- [Research progress on epithelial mucosal barrier impairment contributing to chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Research progress on circRNAs in type 2 CRS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HMGB1 as a Key Modulator in Nasal Inflammatory Disorders: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Predicting the effectiveness of omalizumab in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps comorbid with asthma based on inflammatory biomarkers.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Role of Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Yin-Yang Theory: A Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- CMPK2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via mtDNA-STING pathway in house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Serum exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-3679-5p levels associated with endotype and postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with lead (Pb)-induced olfactory epithelium toxicity in an olfactory dark basal cell line.FEBS open bio · 2023Article
- Review
- Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis from the perspective of sinonasal epithelial dysfunction.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Exploring the Role ofToxins · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNecroptosis is an inflammatory cell death associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration. The role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP remains elusive.
methodsCell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in control sinonasal mucosa and CRSwNP, were analyzed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for cleaved caspase 3, cleaved gasdermin D and p-MLKL, respectively. Correlations between necroptosis, inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration were assessed and a possible role of necroptosis in CRSwNP was evaluated. Primary nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) were stimulated with damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including ATP or IL-1α and their expression of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed using RT-PCR. The expression of TNF-α and IFNs in nasal polyps was measured by ELISA; human monocyte THP-1 cells were treated with TNF-α or IFN-γ and cell death was measured by LDH release.
resultsNecroptosis, rather than apoptosis or pyroptosis, was overtly activated in both eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP as evidenced by the presence of prominent phosphorylation of MLKL compared to controls. The abundance of DAMPs (IL-1α, HMGB1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8, CXCL-1) were all increased especially in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. The extent of necroptosis was positively correlated with the abundance of DAMPs and cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration in CRSwNP. In DNPCs, ATP and IL-1α induced the expression of IL-8 and CXCL-1. Macrophage was found to be the predominant cell type positive for p-MLKL in CRSwNP. Concomitant treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ, which were abundantly present in CRSwNP, triggered marked necroptosis in THP-1 cells.
conclusionNecroptosis induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ may facilitate the production and release of a myriad of proinflammatory cytokines and entailed neutrophil infiltration to exacerbate inflammation in CRSwNP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.